אָיַב
ʼâyab · H340 · Hebrew · 1 occurrence
Meanings
-
State in which someone is engaged in a conflict with someone else and acts accordingly (to be (someone's) enemy)
ExamplesExodus 23:22 “But if you truly obey his voice and do all that I say, then I will be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries.
-
enemy
Person who has a conflict with someone else and acts accordingly
ExamplesExodus 23:22 “But if you truly obey his voice and do all that I say, then I will be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries.
How it’s used In 2 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- Not stated: I 1
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אֹיֵבenemy 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- שָׂנֵא sânêʼ · H8130 · to hate, to reject, enemy
- Both words express enmity and hostility; אָיַב (ʼâyab, H340) occurs only once.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Conflict002003002006
- אָיַב describes being or acting as an enemy, as the LORD promising, “I will be an enemy to your enemies” (Exodus 23:22).
- Enemies001001003002
- The word names the state of enmity itself, standing in adversarial relation to another party, the same promise of hostility toward Israel's foes (Exodus 23:22).
Word family 3 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H340. ayab [אָיַב]283 verb be hostile to (Assyrian aibu (see Dlw), enemy = אֹיֵב) — Qal…
[אָיַב]283 verb be hostile to (Assyrian aibu (see Dlw), enemy = אֹיֵב) —
Qal Perfect וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י Exo 23:22; Participle אוֺיֵב (אֹיֵב) Exo 15:6 +; suffix (אוֺיְבִי)אֹיְבִי) 2Sa 22:18 = Psa 18:18 +; feminine suffix אֹיַבְתִּי Mic 7:8, Mic 7:10; אֹיִבְךָ Exo 23:4 +, etc.; plural אֹויְבִים Psa 68:24; Psa 127:5; אֹיְבִים Psa 139:22, etc.; — be hostile to, treat as enemy Exo 23:22 (E, Cov't code) אֶתצֹֿרְרֶיךָ וְצַרְתִּ֫י אֶתאֹֿיְבֶיךָ וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י (subject ׳י); elsewhere Participle 1Sa 18:29 אֶתדָּֿוִד אֹיֵב שָׁאוּל וַיְהִי; usually as substantive & mostly suffix; enemy, of personal foe Exo 23:4 (E || שׂנֵא Exo 23:5) Num 35:23 (P) 1Sa 19:17 (compare 1Sa 18:29) 1Sa 24:5; 1Sa 24:20; 2Sa 4:8; 1Ki 21:20; Job 27:7; Psalm 54:9; Psa 55:13 (|| מְשַׂנֵּא; opposed to מְיֻדָּע אַלּוּף, Psa 55:14) Mic 2:8; Pro 16:7; Pro 24:17 +; in simile Jer 30:14 (אוֺיֵב מַכַּת); of public national enemy, singular Jdg 16:23-24, collective Exo 15:6, Exo 15:9; Deu 33:27; Nah 3:11; 2Ch 6:24 +; personified Mic 7:8, Mic 7:10; more often plural Exo 23:22 (E) Lev 26:7 f (H) Num 10:9 (P) Deu 1:42; Deu 6:19; Jer 15:9; Jer 34:20-21, +; of enemies of God, as protector of his people Num 10:35 (J) Jdg 5:31; 1Sa 30:26; 2Sa 18:19; Psa 66:3; Psa 68:1; Psa 68:22; Nah 1:2, Nah 1:8; Isa 66:6 +; as morally supreme Job 13:24; Job 33:10; Psa 37:20; Psa 92:10 (twice in verse) +; of God as enemy of rebellious people Isa 63:10, in simile Lam 2:4-5,.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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