Word
יָצַר
yâtsar · H3334 · Hebrew · 0 occurrences
Meanings
-
to form, to fashion
Causative action by which humans or deities create an object, described as an artisan shaping clay into an artifact
This lexeme does not occur in the Old Testament text as tagged in standard critical editions.
Near synonyms 2 words
- צָרַר tsârar · H6887 · bound up, wrapped up, to bind up
- צָרַר shares the semantic field of distress and being in narrow straits with יָצַר, though it is a distinct root. Both can express being confined, distressed, or in dire circumstances.
- צוּק tsûwq · H6693 · to nag, to pester, to oppress
- צוּק denotes being pressed, constrained, or in straits, overlapping significantly with the distress and constriction meanings of יָצַר.
Contrasting words 1 word
- רָחַב râchab · H7337 · to be large, to be broad, to become larger
- רָחַב is the spatial and metaphorical opposite of יָצַר: where יָצַר means 'be narrow/straitened,' רָחַב means 'be wide/spacious.' The contrast between narrowness/constriction and wideness/spaciousness represents a genuine lexical antonymy.
In the other Testament 2 words
- θλίβω thlíbō · G2346 · to press against, to crowd against, to cause trouble to
- θλίβω captures the sense of being pressed, constricted, or afflicted, which corresponds well to the 'narrow/straitened/distressed' semantic range of יָצַר. Both terms can describe physical constriction and metaphorical distress.
- στενοχωρέω stenochōréō · G4729 · to live under restrictions, to be restricted, to be confined
- στενοχωρέω literally means 'to be in a narrow space' and is used for being in straits or distress, directly paralleling the 'be narrow/be in straits' sense of יָצַר.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Exist002002002005
- This lexeme has no tagged occurrence in the running text of the tagged critical edition, so this “Exist” domain is bundle-shared with the related lexeme יָצַר (yâtsar, H3335) rather than independently attested here.
- Happen002002003003
- This lexeme has no tagged occurrence in the running text of the tagged critical edition, so this “Happen” domain is bundle-shared with the related lexeme יָצַר (yâtsar, H3335) rather than independently attested here.
- Think002004002013
- This entry carries no independent "Think" sense of its own; this lexeme has no tagged occurrence in the running text of the tagged critical edition, and its own gloss ("be distressed, be narrow, be vexed") concerns physical or emotional affliction, not a thinking process specifically.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H3334. yatsar I. צָרַר verb bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (Late…
H3334. yatsar
I. צָרַר verb bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ); —
A. transitive:
Qal Perfect3masculine singular צָרַר Hos 4:19; Pro 30:4; Imperative צוֺר Isa 8:16; Infinitive construct צְרוֺר Pro 26:8 (?); Participle active צֹרֵר Job 26:8; passive צָרוּר Hos 13:12, feminine צְרוּרָה 1Sa 25:29; feminine plural צְרֻרֹת Exo 12:34; 2Sa 20:3; — bind or tie up, of kneading-troughs Exo 12:34 (E); figurative of a life preserved by הַחַיִּים בִּצְרוֺר צְרוּרָה נֶפֶשׁ ׳י, 1Sa 25:29; of preserving prophetic teaching Isa 8:16; of retention of guilt Hos 13:12; of ׳י's binding waters in (a garment of) cloud Pro 30:4; Job 26:8; = shut up 2Sa 20:3; — בִּכְנָפֶיהָ אֹתָהּ רוּחַ צָרַר Hos 4:19 (si vera lectio) pregnantly, the wind hath wrapped her up in its wings, to carry her off; אֶבֶן כִּצְרוֺר Pro 26:8 like the tying up of a stone, but unintellig. in context (see Toy).
Pu`al Participle plural מְצֹרָרִים Jos 9:4 tied up (mended by tying), of old wine-skins.
B. intransitive:
Qal Perfect3feminine singular צָ֫רָה Isa 28:20; Imperfect3masculine singular יֵצַר Pro 4:12, לוֺ יֵ֫צֶר Job 20:22, וַ֫יֵּצֶד Gen 32:8 +, etc.; — be scant, cramped, in straits; of scanty bed-covering Isa 28:20 (in figurative); of land too small for (מִן) its people Isa 49:19 + Jos 19:47 (for וַיֵּצֵא) DrExpos. Jan. 1887, 59 Benn, compare ᵐ5; of steps = be cramped, or impeded, Pro 4:12; Job 18:7 (both in figure); especially impersonal with ל person, לוֺ וַיֵּצֶר Gen 32:8 and it was narrow for him = he was in straits, distress, so Jdg 2:15; 2Sa 13:2; Job 20:22, also 3feminine singular לְ וַתֵּ֫צֶר Jdg 10:9; 1Sa 30:6 (see Dr).
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular וְהֵצַר Deu 28:52 (twice in verse) consecutive; 1singular וַהֲצֵרֹתִי Jer 10:18; Zep 1:17; Imperfect3masculine singular יָצַרלֿוֺ 1Ki 8:37 2Ch 6:28, וַיָּ֫צַד2Ch 28:20; 2Ch 28:3 masculine plural וַיָּצֵרוּ Neh 9:27; Infinitive construct הָצֵר2Ch 28:22; 2Ch 33:12; — make narrow for, press hard upon, cause distress to, with ל person, Jer 10:18 (subject ׳י), Zep 1:17 (subject id.); Deu 28:52 (twice in verse); 1Ki 8:37 2Ch 6:28; Neh 9:27 (all subject foe), 2Ch 28:20 (subject Tiglath-pileser); indefinite subject 2Ch 28:22 (but read לוֺ לְצָרָה אִם כִּי, and join to 2Ch 28:21, opposed to ᵐ5 לוֺ, לְעֶזְרָה Kit BuhlLex), 2Ch 33:12.
I. צָרַר verb bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ); —
A. transitive:
Qal Perfect3masculine singular צָרַר Hos 4:19; Pro 30:4; Imperative צוֺר Isa 8:16; Infinitive construct צְרוֺר Pro 26:8 (?); Participle active צֹרֵר Job 26:8; passive צָרוּר Hos 13:12, feminine צְרוּרָה 1Sa 25:29; feminine plural צְרֻרֹת Exo 12:34; 2Sa 20:3; — bind or tie up, of kneading-troughs Exo 12:34 (E); figurative of a life preserved by הַחַיִּים בִּצְרוֺר צְרוּרָה נֶפֶשׁ ׳י, 1Sa 25:29; of preserving prophetic teaching Isa 8:16; of retention of guilt Hos 13:12; of ׳י's binding waters in (a garment of) cloud Pro 30:4; Job 26:8; = shut up 2Sa 20:3; — בִּכְנָפֶיהָ אֹתָהּ רוּחַ צָרַר Hos 4:19 (si vera lectio) pregnantly, the wind hath wrapped her up in its wings, to carry her off; אֶבֶן כִּצְרוֺר Pro 26:8 like the tying up of a stone, but unintellig. in context (see Toy).
Pu`al Participle plural מְצֹרָרִים Jos 9:4 tied up (mended by tying), of old wine-skins.
B. intransitive:
Qal Perfect3feminine singular צָ֫רָה Isa 28:20; Imperfect3masculine singular יֵצַר Pro 4:12, לוֺ יֵ֫צֶר Job 20:22, וַ֫יֵּצֶד Gen 32:8 +, etc.; — be scant, cramped, in straits; of scanty bed-covering Isa 28:20 (in figurative); of land too small for (מִן) its people Isa 49:19 + Jos 19:47 (for וַיֵּצֵא) DrExpos. Jan. 1887, 59 Benn, compare ᵐ5; of steps = be cramped, or impeded, Pro 4:12; Job 18:7 (both in figure); especially impersonal with ל person, לוֺ וַיֵּצֶר Gen 32:8 and it was narrow for him = he was in straits, distress, so Jdg 2:15; 2Sa 13:2; Job 20:22, also 3feminine singular לְ וַתֵּ֫צֶר Jdg 10:9; 1Sa 30:6 (see Dr).
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular וְהֵצַר Deu 28:52 (twice in verse) consecutive; 1singular וַהֲצֵרֹתִי Jer 10:18; Zep 1:17; Imperfect3masculine singular יָצַרלֿוֺ 1Ki 8:37 2Ch 6:28, וַיָּ֫צַד2Ch 28:20; 2Ch 28:3 masculine plural וַיָּצֵרוּ Neh 9:27; Infinitive construct הָצֵר2Ch 28:22; 2Ch 33:12; — make narrow for, press hard upon, cause distress to, with ל person, Jer 10:18 (subject ׳י), Zep 1:17 (subject id.); Deu 28:52 (twice in verse); 1Ki 8:37 2Ch 6:28; Neh 9:27 (all subject foe), 2Ch 28:20 (subject Tiglath-pileser); indefinite subject 2Ch 28:22 (but read לוֺ לְצָרָה אִם כִּי, and join to 2Ch 28:21, opposed to ᵐ5 לוֺ, לְעֶזְרָה Kit BuhlLex), 2Ch 33:12.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0