טֶרֶף
ṭereph · H2964 · Hebrew · 22 occurrences
Meanings
-
prey, victim
Literally: what is torn apart; hence: slain victim of a carnivorous animal; associated with a violent death, bloodshed, and frequently used as a metaphor for victims of warfare
ExamplesGenesis 49:9 “Judah is a lion’s cub; From the prey, my son, you have gone up. He crouches, he lies down as a lion, And as a lion, who dares to stir him up?
Isaiah 5:29 Its roaring is like a lioness, and it roars like young lions; It growls as it seizes the prey And carries it off with no one to save it.
Isaiah 31:4 For this is what the LORD says to me: “As the lion or the young lion growls over his prey, Against which a band of shepherds is called out, And he will not be terrified at their voice nor disturbed at their noise, So will the LORD of armies come down to wage war on Mount Zion and on its hill.”
-
food
General term for food; from plants as well as meat; with no suggestion of aggression involved in obtaining it
ExamplesJob 24:5 “Behold, like wild donkeys in the wilderness They go out scavenging for food in their activity, As bread for their children in the desert.
Psalm 111:5 He has given food to those who fear Him; He will remember His covenant forever.
Proverbs 31:15 And she rises while it is still night And gives food to her household, And portions to her attendants.
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- ךְyour 1
- הוּhis 1
What it doesIt is the subject
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
- מוּשׁto give way 1
What is done to itIt is the object
11 occurrences in 7 groups
- טָרַףto tear to pieces 4
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 2
- אָחַזto seize, to hold 1
- כָּרַתto cut off, to make (a covenant) 1
- אָכַלto eat, to devour 1
- צוּדto hunt 1
Second object ofSecond object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 1
What it is said to bePredicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- בְּלִיwithout, not 1
- אַיִןthere is no, not 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- לto/for 4
- מִןfrom 2
- עַלon, upon, over, against 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- הַרmountain 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἁρπαγμός harpagmós · G725 · to rob, to carry off, to plunder
- Greek ἁρπαγμός specifically denotes the concrete result of violent seizure (plunder/spoil), corresponding to the Hebrew טֶרֶף sense of prey or spoil taken by force, while the Hebrew lemma additionally covers the broader semantic range of torn flesh/meat and foliage (leaf).
- θήρα thḗra · G2339 · trap, snare, means of control
- Greek θήρα (hunting, destruction) translates Hebrew טֶרֶף specifically in its 'prey' sense (the object/result of predation), representing the concrete outcome of hunting activity rather than the broader range of meanings (leaf, meat, spoil) the Hebrew lemma carries.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Impact002001001024
- טֶרֶף names prey seized and torn by violent attack, the object of a predator's destructive impact, as the lion's cub going up from the prey (Genesis 49:9).
- Dead002001001018
- The prey this word names is killed by the predator, its death the outcome of being torn and devoured.
- Food001003001003
- The word also denotes food or meat more generally, provision seized or given for sustenance, as food given to a household (Proverbs 31:15).
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2964. tereph טֶ֫רֶף noun masculineNah 3:1 prey, food; leaf; — טֶרֶף Gen 49:9 +; טָ֑רֶף…
טֶ֫רֶף noun masculineNah 3:1 prey, food; leaf; — טֶרֶף Gen 49:9 +; טָ֑רֶף Job 4:11 +; suffix טַרְפֵךְ Nahum 2:14; טַרְמּוֺ Isa 31:4; plural construct טַרְמֵּי Eze 17:9; —
1 prey of lion Amo 3:4; Job 4:11; Job 38:39; Psa 104:21; metaphor of Judah's conquests Gen 49:9, Israel like lion Num 23:24 (both poems in J E); of Assyrians Isa 5:29; of Nineveh and its king Nah 2:13; Nahum 2:14; Nah 3:1; Israel's princes (as young lion) Eze 19:3, Eze 19:6; simile of false prophet (like lion) Eze 22:25; of princes of Judah Eze 22:27; simile of י's descending to battle, like lion Isa 31:4; compare Psa 76:5 coming down from mountains of prey (the lion's lair), but read perhaps עַד, compare ᵐ5 Bi Checritical note.; figurative of spoil of wicked Job 29:17, compare Psa 124:6.
2 food, of outcasts, under figure of wild ass מֶּרֶא Job 24:5; of human food (late): for those who fear God Psa 111:5; for household Pro 31:15; in ׳יs house Mal 3:10.
3 leaf, (compare Gen 8:11) צִמְחָהּ טַרְמֵּי Eze 17:9 metaphor of Judah.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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