חָרַשׁ

H2790. charash
I. [חָרַשׁ] verb cut in, engrave, plough, devise (Late Hebrew id., plough, so Eth Phoenician חרש, Aramaic (rare) חֲרַת engrave, cleave, plough, Arabic plough) —
Qal Perfect חָֽרְשׁוּ Psa 129:3, חֲרַשְׁתֶּם Jdg 14:18; Hos 10:13; Imperfect יַחֲרשׁ Isa 28:24; Pro 20:4; יַחֲרוֺשׁ Hos 10:11+ Amo 6:12 (see below); 2 masculine singular תַּחֲרשׁ Deu 22:10; Pro 3:29; Infinitive construct חֲרשׁ 1Sa 8:12; Participle חֹרֵשׁ Gen 4:22 Gen 4:5t.; חוֺרֵשׁ Amo 9:13; plural חֹרְשִׁים Psa 129:3, חֹרְשֵׁי Job 4:8 Job 4:3t., feminine plural absolute חֹרְשׁוֺת Job 1:14; passive חֲרוּשָׁה Jer 17:1: —
1 cut in, engrave, of worker in metals ׳ח וּבַרְזֶל נְחשֶׁת Gen 4:22 (J), ׳ח נחשׁת 1Ki 7:14; figurative ׳ח לִבָּם עַללֿוּחַ Jer 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart.
2 plough, literally, human subject (animal usually with בְּ), no object expressed 1Ki 19:19; Deu 22:10; Isa 28:24, so בבקרים יַחֲרוֺשׁ Amo 6:12 (but read probably יָם בבקר יֵחָרֵשׁ, see We and others); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb ׳ח חֲרִישׁוֺ 1Sa 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Pro 20:4; figurative of Judah Hos 10:11; with ethical reference ׳ח רֶשַׁע Hos 10:13 (|| קצר), ׳ח אָוֶן Job 4:8 (|| קצר זרע,); חֹרְשִׁים חָֽרְשׁוּ עַלגַּֿבִּי Psa 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (figurative of oppression by wicked); חֹרֵשׁ = ploughman Isa 28:24; Amo 9:13 (|| קוֺצֵר); ׳ח with oxen subject only Job 1:14.
3 devise (as one who works in, practises), usually bad sense, object רָעָה Pro 3:29, רַע Pro 6:14; אָוֶן מַחְשְׁבוֺת Pro 6:18, חֹרְשֵׁירַע Pro 12:20; Pro 14:22; but also טוֺב חֹרְשֵׁי Pro 14:22.
Niph`al Imperfect3feminine singular תֵּחָרֵשׁ שָׂדֶה צִיּוֺן Mic 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Jer 26:18.
Hiph`il Participle עַלֿ רָעָה מַחֲרִישׁ 1Sa 23:9 fabricating mischief against (see Dr, and compare We).
II. [חָרֵשׁ] verb 1. be silent, dumb, speechless;
2 be deaf; chiefly poet. (Late Hebrew Pi`el make deaf; Aramaic , be dumb, deaf; Arabic be dumb, speechless, compare Assyrian —arâšu, restrain, according to DlPr 100; see LagBN 120) —
Qal Imperfect יֶחֱרָ֑שׁ Psa 50:3; Psa 50:2masculine singular תֶּחֱרַשׁ Psa 28:1; Psa 83:2; תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ Psa 35:22; Psa 109:1; תֶּחֱרָ֑שׁ Psa 39:13; Psa 39:3feminine plural תֶּחֱרַ֑שְׁנָה Mic 7:16; —
1 be silent, always of God's keeping silence when men pray Psa 35:22; Psa 50:3; Psa 83:2; Psa 109:1; followed by אֶלֿ Psa 39:13.
2 be deaf, subject ׳י, followed by מִמֶּנִּי Psa 28:1; subject אָזְנַיִם Mic 7:16.
Hiph`il Perfect חֶחֱרִשׁ Num 30:15; Gen 34:5; יְחֶחֱרִישׁ consecutive Num 30:5; Num 30:8; וְהֶחֱרִשׁ consecutive Num 30:12; הֶחֱרַ֫שְׁתִּי Est 7:4 Est 7:2t. etc.; Imperfect יַחֲרִישׁ Num 30:15 Num 30:2t. (including Zep 3:17 see below); 2 masculine singular תַּחֲרִישׁ Hab 1:13; jussive תַּחְרֵשׁ 1Sa 7:8; 1Sa 7:2masculine plural תַּחֲרִישׁוּן Job 13:5; תַּחֲרִשׁוּן Exo 14:14, etc.; Imperative הַחֲרֵשׁ Jdg 18:19 Jdg 18:2t.; הַחֲרִ֫ישִׁי 2Sa 13:20; הַחֲרִ֫ישׁוּ Job 13:13; Isa 41:1; Infinitive absolute הַחֲרֵשׁ Num 30:15 Num 30:2t.; Participle מַחֲרִישׁ Gen 24:21 Gen 24:2t. (including 1Sa 10:27 see below); מַחֲרִישִׁים 2Sa 19:11; —
1 be silent (= exhibit silence)
a. almost always of men Gen 24:21; Gen 34:5; Exo 14:14 (all J), Jdg 18:19; 2Sa 13:20; 2Sa 19:11; 2Ki 18:36 = Isa 36:21; Jer 4:19; Job 6:24; Job 13:5 (twice in verse); Job 13:19; Job 33:31, Job 33:33; Pro 11:12; Pro 17:28; Psa 32:3; Neh 5:8; Est 4:14 (twice in verse); Est 7:4; also כְּמַחֲרִישׁ וַיְהִי 1Sa 10:27 (but read rather כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ ויהי and it came to pass after about a month, ᵐ5 Dr); באהבתו יחרישׁ Zep 3:17 (יְחַדֵּשׁ ᵑ6 ᵐ5 he will renew his love, see especially BuhlZAW see 1885, 183); ׳ח with לְ person keep silence at one, i.e. fail to make objection at proper time Num 30:5; Num 30:8; Num 30:12; Num 30:15 (3 t. in verse) (all P); ׳הח אלי Isa 41:1 pregnantly = come silently unto me; followed by מִן person cease to speak with Jer 38:27; be silent about, pass by in silence, followed by accusative ׳אח בַּדָּיו Job 41:4.
b. rarely of God, permitting evil in silence Hab 1:13; Isa 42:14; Psa 50:21.
2 once causat. make silent, with accusative Job 11:3.
3 be deaf, shew deafness: מִזְּעֹק מִמֶּנּוּ תַּחֲרֵשׁ אַלֿ 1Sa 7:8 be not deaf (turning) from us, so as not to cry. **
Hithpa`el Imperfect3masculine plural וַיִּתְחָֽרְשׁוּ Jdg 16:2 and they kept quiet.