Word
זָהָב
zâhâb · H2091 · Hebrew · 389 occurrences
Meanings
-
gold
A metal of a bright yellow color, found in rocks and alluvial deposits and used as a monetary standard and in jewellery and plating, associated with wealth, beauty, and prosperity
ExamplesGenesis 2:11 The name of the first is Pishon; it flows around the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold.
Genesis 2:12 The gold of that land is good; the bdellium and the onyx stone are there as well.
Genesis 13:2 Now Abram was very rich in livestock, silver, and gold.
-
golden glow
Process by which something emits or reflects light like gold
ExamplesJob 37:22 “From the north comes golden splendor; Around God is awesome majesty.
How it’s used In 10 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
20 occurrences in 11 groups
- הֶםtheir 5
- יmy 3
- ךָyour 3
- Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
65 occurrences in 19 groups
- טָהוֹרclean, pure 27
- עֶשֶׂרten 13
- שָׁחַטto slaughter 5
- שֵׁשׁsix 3
- Other words · 15 groups that occur once or twice (18) 18
Named alongside itApposition
48 occurrences in 17 groups
- כַּףpalm, hand 12
- סְגוֹרribcage 8
- כִּכָּרtalent, plain, loaf 6
- קֹדֶשׁholiness 5
- דַּרְכְּמוֹןdaric 4
- מִקְשָׁהhammered work 3
- Other words · 11 groups that occur once or twice (12) 12
What it doesIt is the subject
11 occurrences in 7 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 3
- יָכֹלto be able to 2
- עָלָהto go up 2
- עָמַםto grow dim 1
- עָרַךְto set in order, to arrange, to draw up 1
- רָבָהto increase 1
What is done to itIt is the object
53 occurrences in 21 groups
- לָקַחto take, to receive 11
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 10
- נָשָׂאto lift up, to carry, to bear 8
- שָׁקַלto weigh out 3
- בּוֹאto come, to go in, to bring 3
- Other words · 16 groups that occur once or twice (18) 18
Second object ofSecond object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- נָגַשׂtaskmaster 1
What it is said to bePredicate
11 occurrences in 10 groups
- Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
16 occurrences in 10 groups
- כְּלִיvessel, utensil, weapon 4
- וָוhook 3
- Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
41 occurrences in 5 groups
- בin/on/with 17
- לto/for 15
- מִןfrom 8
- עִםwith 4
- כlike/as 4
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
135 occurrences in 46 groups
- כְּלִיvessel, utensil, weapon 16
- טַבַּעַתring, signet ring 12
- כִּכָּרtalent, plain, loaf 12
- זֵרmolding 8
- נֶזֶםring 8
- מִזְבֵּחַaltar 6
- Other words · 32 groups that occur once or twice (43) 43
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- כֶּתֶם kethem · H3800 · gold
- Both are nouns for gold metal, with כֶּתֶם denoting a specialized, higher-quality variant ("fine/pure gold"). This is genuine same-language near-synonymy: both refer to the same substance, substitutable in many contexts, with כֶּתֶם marking a narrower, qualitatively superior register.
In the other Testament 4 words
- χρυσίον chrysíon · G5553 · gold, gold jewelry, gold ornaments
- Greek χρυσίον denotes gold as material substance or fashioned object (ornament, coin, plating), directly rendering Hebrew זָהָב across its core uses; both terms span raw metal and worked articles without register restriction.
- χρύσεος chrýseos · G5552 · golden, made of gold
- Greek χρύσεος denotes the adjectival 'made of gold' or 'golden' (material composition), directly translating Hebrew זָהָב when the substantive 'gold' functions attributively or is rendered as an adjective in Greek syntax.
- דְּהַב dᵉhab · H1722 · gold
- Aramaic cognate reflex of Hebrew זָהָב, denoting the same precious metal 'gold' with identical core semantics across the sister languages.
- χρυσός chrysós · G5557 · gold, gold money, gold coin
- Direct translation equivalent; χρυσός renders the material substance 'gold' denoted by זָהָב across contexts including literal precious metal, ornamentation, and figurative usage.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Metals001002005008
- זָהָב denotes gold, the precious metal found in the land of Havilah and praised there as good.
- Shine002001001053
- The word's association with gold's luster also connects it to brightness and gleaming appearance.
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
זָהָבzâhâb · H2091דְּהַב dᵉhab · H1722 · gold · 23×
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2091. zahab זָהָב385 noun masculineGen 2:12 gold (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic Sabean דֿהב…
H2091. zahab
זָהָב385 noun masculineGen 2:12 gold (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic Sabean דֿהב e.g. Os29 DHMZMG 1883, 338; Aramaic דְּהַב, , Palmyrene דהבא VogNo. 23) — ׳ז absolute Gen 2:11 364t.; construct Gen 2:12 Gen 2:6t.; suffix זְהָבִי 1Ki 20:7 1Ki 20:2t.; זְהָֽבְךָ 1Ki 20:3, 1Ki 20:5; זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Isa 30:22; זְהָבוֺ Isa 2:20; Isa 31:7; זְהָבָם Hos 8:4 Hos 8:4t.; — gold,
1 = gold-ore, gold in a raw state, Gen 2:11-12, Jer 10:9; Pro 17:3; Pro 27:21; Job 28:1 +; perhaps also 1Ki 9:28; 1Ki 10:11; 1Ki 22:49 etc.; compare ז ׳עַפְרֹת Job 28:6 gold-dust; see also Zec 13:9 (simile of tried people ׳י) and compare Mal 3:3; likewise Job 23:10 (simile of Job's purity, as shewn by divine tests); זָהָב מִצָּפוֺן Job 37:22 is dubious **read perhaps זֹהַר Du and Dr; Ew De and others out of the North comes gold; others, however, golden light, brightness, of sun after clouds dispersed by north wind, ᵐ5 Rabb Da and others; or golden splendour of God coming from north BöÄ 76 Hi and others; Siegf conjecture יהוה for זהב
2 gold as wealth Gen 13:2 (J; + כֶּסֶף מִקְנֶה,) Gen 24:34 (J; + חֲמֹרִים גְּמַלִּים, שְׁפָחֹת, עֲבָדִם, כֶּסֶף, בָּקָר, צאֹן,) compare Hos 2:8; Isa 2:7; Deu 8:13; Deu 17:17; Job 3:15; Job 31:24; Zec 14:14; Ezr 1:4, Ezr 1:6 +; in General, as precious: טוֺב חֵן וּמִזָּהָב מִכֶּסֶף רָ֑ב מֵעשֶׁר שֵׁם נִבְחָר Pro 22:1 to be chosen is a name more than great riches, and good favour more than silver and than gold; Job 28:17 (of wisdom) gold and glass do not equal it; Psa 19:10 (ordinances of ׳י) which are more to be desired than gold; compare Psa 119:72; Psa 119:127; also metaphor of princes and chief men of Zion Lam 4:1 (compare Lam 4:2).
3 gold as spoil of war Jos 6:19 (+ בַּרְזֶל כְּלֵינְֿחשֶׁת, כֶּסֶף,) so Jos 6:24, compare Jos 7:21, Jos 7:24; Jos 22:8; 2Ki 7:8 +.
4 gold as merchandise Eze 27:22 (+ כָּלבּֿשֶֹׁם ראֹשׁ יְקָרָה, אֶבֶן), compare also gold from Ophir 1Ki 9:28 etc. (see below 7 below)
5 gold as costly gift: to a prophet וְז כֶּסֶף בֵּיתוֺ ׳מְלֹא (hypothet.), Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (both E); brought by queen of Sheba to Solomon 1Ki 10:2, 1Ki 10:10 (both + יְקָרָה אֶבֶן and בְּשָׂמִים) = 2Ch 9:1, 2Ch 9:9; as tribute 2Ki 23:35 (twice in verse) (compare 2Ki 23:33; all + כֶּסֶף); as satisfaction for murder 2Sa 21:4 (+ כֶּסֶף).
6 gold as material: of (nose- or ear-) ring, נֶזֶם Gen 24:22; Exo 32:2-3, Jdg 8:24-25, Pro 11:22; Pro 25:12; Job 42:11; of chain Gen 41:42, shields 2Sa 8:7, images of emerods 1Sa 6:4, 1Sa 6:17 and mice 1Sa 6:4; 1Sa 6:11; 1Sa 6:18; ז ׳תַּמּוּחֵי כֶּסֶף בְּמַשְׂכִּיּוֺת Pro 25:11; ז ׳גֻּלַּת Exo 12:6; ׳כְּלֵיזֿ Exo 3:22; Exo 11:2; Exo 12:35; 1Sa 6:8; Psa 105:37 etc.; זָהָב וּכְלֵי כְּלֵיכֶֿסֶף Gen 24:53 as presents to a bride (+ בְּגָדִים); so of presents to secure king's favour 2Sa 8:10 (+ נְחשֶׁת כְּלֵי), and in list of yearly gifts or tribute to Solomon 1Ki 10:25 2Ch 9:24; as material of idols ז וֵאלֹהֵי ׳כֶסֶף אֱלֹהֵי Exo 20:23; compare Exo 32:31; Hos 8:4; Isa 2:20; Isa 30:22; Isa 31:7; Deu 29:16; Psa 115:4; Psa 135:15; as plating of idols Deu 7:25; especially as material of the furnishings of Solomon's temple, or (oftener) the platings of temple, or parts thereof, or of its furnishings 1Ki 6:20-21, (3 t. in verse); 1Ki 6:22 (twice in verse); 1Ki 6:28; 1Ki 7:48 1Ki 7:10t. 1Ki 6:7; also 2Ch 3:5 (twice in verse); 2Ch 3:6 2Ch 3:14t. 2Ch 3:4; cf 1Ch 28:14 (twice in verse) + 14 t. 1 Chronicles 28:29 (David's preparation for temple); see also 2Ki 24:13; compare 2Ki 14:14 2Ch 25:24; 2Ki 25:15 = Jer 52:19 (in accounts of plundering temple etc.); but more often still of furnishing and utensils of tabernacle, insignia of high-priest etc., Exo 25:3, Exo 25:11, Exo 25:24 97t. Exodus 25-40, Lev 8:9; Num 4:11; Num 8:4; (in case of large objects frequently of plating or sheathing, compare 12c below) Note the expressions ז ׳תְּנוּפַת ליהוה Exo 35:22 a wave-offering of gold, הַתְּנוּפָה זְהַב Exo 38:24; also הַתְּרוּמָה זְהַב Num 31:52 (all P) compare Ezr 8:25, and (of offering to heathen god) בְּזָהָב יְכַבֵּד Dan 11:38.
7 gold described by its source, especially gold from Ophir (compare Glass: Skizze ii. 357 ff. 368) 1Ki 9:28; 1Ki 10:11; 1Ki 22:49; 1Ch 29:4; 2Ch 8:18; 2Ch 9:10; so perh Jer 10:9 (read אוֺפִיר for אוּפַז Ew Klo and others); שְׁבָא זְהַב Psa 72:15; on ׳ז מַּרְוָ֑יִם2Ch 3:6 see פרוים; compare further Gen 2:11-12,.
8 gold defined by var. adjective and pts.: ׳ז שָׁחוּט beaten gold (see שָׁחַט) 1Ki 10:16-17, 2Ch 9:15 (twice in verse); 2Ch 9:16; ׳ז סָגוּר 1Ki 6:20-21, also 1Ki 7:49-50, 1Ki 10:21 2Ch 4:20, 2Ch 4:22; 2Ch 9:21 (on meaning see סָגַר); especially (but only P & Chronicles) ׳ז טָהוֺר pure gold Exo 25:11, Exo 25:17, Exo 25:24 Exo 25:21t. Exodus 25.. 28. 30. 37. 39 (of equipments of tabernacle and high priest's insignia), 1Ch 28:17; 2Ch 3:4; 2Ch 9:17; compare ׳ז טוֺב2Ch 3:5, 2Ch 3:8; on ׳ז מוּפָז 1Ki 10:18, AV best gold, compare מָּזַז אוּפָז,.
9 ׳ז as measure of weight and value:
a. = gold-shekel, ז ׳עֲשָׂרָה מִשְׁקָלָם Gen 24:22; ז עֲשָׂרָה אַחַת ׳כַּף Num 7:14 Num 7:11t. Numbers 7; ז ׳וּשְׁבַעמֵֿאוֺת אֶלֶף Jdg 8:26, compare 1Ki 10:16; 2Ki 5:5; 2Ch 9:15-16, ז ׳אַלְפֵי וָכָ֑סֶף Psa 119:72; compare further Jos 7:21; but also (only Chronicles) שֶׁקֶל expressed: מֵאוֺת שֵׁשׁ ז ׳שִׁקְלֵי מִשְׁקַל 1Ch 21:25 (50 shekels of silver in || 2Sa 24:24); ז חֲמִשִּׁים לִשְׁקָלִים לְמִסְמְרוֺת ׳וּמִשְׁקָל2Ch 3:9.
b. ז מָנִים ׳שְׁלשֶׁת 1Ki 10:17 three minas of gold (see מָנֶה).
c. ז ׳כִּכַּר talent of gold 2Sa 12:30; 1Ki 9:14 + (see כִּכָּר).
d. וָאֶלֶף שֵׁשׁרִֿבּאֹוֺת דַּרְכְּמוֺנִים זָהָב Ezr 2:69 compare Neh 7:69-70, Neh 7:71; also ז ׳וּכְפֹרֵי אָ֑לָף לַאֲדַרְכֹּנִים עֶשְׂרִים Ezr 8:27 (see דַּרְכְּמוֺן); — with the above should perhaps be compared ז ׳הַזָּלִים מִכִּיס Isa 46:6 i.e. the gold used in making the god was the coin carried in the bag.
10 ׳ז = golden oil, from colour, Zec 4:12.
11 ׳ז often named with כֶּסֶף, and then, in earlier and sometimes in later writings, follows it: וּבַזָּהָב בַּכֶּסֶף Gen 13:2 (J), compare Gen 24:35, Gen 24:53; Gen 44:8 (all J) Exo 3:22; Exo 11:2; Exo 12:35; Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (all E), Jos 6:19, Jos 6:24 (JE), Deu 7:25; Deu 17:17; Deu 29:16; 2Sa 8:11; 2Sa 21:4; 1Ki 7:51; 1Ki 15:15, 1Ki 15:18, 1Ki 15:19; 2Ki 7:8; 2Ki 16:8; 2Ki 18:14; 2Ki 20:13; 2Ki 23:33, 2Ki 23:35 (twice in verse); Hos 2:10; Hos 8:4; Isa 2:7; Isa 60:9; Jer 10:4; Zep 1:18; Eze 7:19; Eze 38:13; Zec 6:11; Joel 4:5, Pro 22:1; Psa 105:37; Psa 115:4; Psa 135:15; 2Ch 1:15; 2Ch 5:1; Ezr 1:4; Ezr 8:25; Dan 11:8; Ecc 2:8 +; in later writings ׳ז often precedes Eze 28:4; Zec 14:14; Mal 3:3; 1Ch 18:10; 1Ch 22:14, 1Ch 22:16; 1Ch 28:15-16, 1Ch 29:3-4, 1Ch 29:5, 1Ch 29:7; 2Ch 9:14, 2Ch 9:21; 2Ch 24:14; 2Ch 25:24; Ezr 1:11; Psa 119:72; Son 1:11; Dan 11:38 +, and so in P, Exo 25:3; Exo 31:4; Exo 35:5, Exo 35:32; Num 31:32; yet also as early as Hab 2:19; 1Ki 10:22; 2Ki 25:15.
12 the chief verbs used with ׳ז are:
a. עָשָׂה make of (c. 2 accusative) 1Ki 7:48 (compare 1Ki 7:49; 1Ki 7:49; 1Ki 7:50; 1Ki 7:50) 1Ki 10:16; 1Ki 12:28; 1Ki 14:26; 2Ch 4:7-8, 2Ch 4:19; 2Ch 12:9; 2Ch 13:8, and especially in P (tabernacle) Exo 25:11, Exo 25:17, Exo 25:18 Exo 25:35t. Exodus 25-39; also followed by בְּ work in gold, בַּזּ ׳לַעֲשׂוֺת וּבַנְּחשֶׁת וּבַכֶּסֶף Exo 31:4; Exo 35:32, also (+ בַּבַּרְזֶל, etc.), 2Ch 2:6; 2Ch 2:13;
b. יָצַק (object ז ׳טַבְּעֹת) Exo 25:12; Exo 37:3, Exo 37:13 (all P);
c. צִמָּה overlay with (c. 2 accusative) 1Ki 6:20-21, (twice in verse); 1Ki 6:22, 1Ki 6:28, 1Ki 6:30, 1Ki 6:32, 1Ki 6:35 (1Ki 6:32; 1Ki 6:35 one accusative omitted), 1Ki 10:18; 2Ch 3:4, 2Ch 3:10; 2Ch 9:17, and especially P (tabernacle) Exo 25:11, Exo 25:13, Exo 25:24, Exo 25:28 Exo 25:15t. Exodus 26-37; in same sense
d. ז ׳וַיְחַמֵּהוּ2Ch 3:5 compare 2Ch 3:7; 2Ch 3:8; 2Ch 3:9, and
e. ז ׳תָּפוּשׂ וָכֶסֶף Hab 2:19 encased in gold and silver; also
f. ׳בַּזּ יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ Isa 40:19;
g. רדד Hiph`il, אֶתהַֿזּ וְעַלהַֿתִּמֹּרוֺת עַלהַֿכְּרוּבִים ׳וַיָּ֫רֶב 1Ki 6:32 and he spread upon the cherubim and upon the palm-trees the gold; further
h. בָּחַן try, Zec 13:9; compare
i. זִקַּק Mal 3:3. — On זָהָב דִּי, proper name; on זָהָב מֵי proper name see below מַיִם.
זָהָב385 noun masculineGen 2:12 gold (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic Sabean דֿהב e.g. Os29 DHMZMG 1883, 338; Aramaic דְּהַב, , Palmyrene דהבא VogNo. 23) — ׳ז absolute Gen 2:11 364t.; construct Gen 2:12 Gen 2:6t.; suffix זְהָבִי 1Ki 20:7 1Ki 20:2t.; זְהָֽבְךָ 1Ki 20:3, 1Ki 20:5; זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Isa 30:22; זְהָבוֺ Isa 2:20; Isa 31:7; זְהָבָם Hos 8:4 Hos 8:4t.; — gold,
1 = gold-ore, gold in a raw state, Gen 2:11-12, Jer 10:9; Pro 17:3; Pro 27:21; Job 28:1 +; perhaps also 1Ki 9:28; 1Ki 10:11; 1Ki 22:49 etc.; compare ז ׳עַפְרֹת Job 28:6 gold-dust; see also Zec 13:9 (simile of tried people ׳י) and compare Mal 3:3; likewise Job 23:10 (simile of Job's purity, as shewn by divine tests); זָהָב מִצָּפוֺן Job 37:22 is dubious **read perhaps זֹהַר Du and Dr; Ew De and others out of the North comes gold; others, however, golden light, brightness, of sun after clouds dispersed by north wind, ᵐ5 Rabb Da and others; or golden splendour of God coming from north BöÄ 76 Hi and others; Siegf conjecture יהוה for זהב
2 gold as wealth Gen 13:2 (J; + כֶּסֶף מִקְנֶה,) Gen 24:34 (J; + חֲמֹרִים גְּמַלִּים, שְׁפָחֹת, עֲבָדִם, כֶּסֶף, בָּקָר, צאֹן,) compare Hos 2:8; Isa 2:7; Deu 8:13; Deu 17:17; Job 3:15; Job 31:24; Zec 14:14; Ezr 1:4, Ezr 1:6 +; in General, as precious: טוֺב חֵן וּמִזָּהָב מִכֶּסֶף רָ֑ב מֵעשֶׁר שֵׁם נִבְחָר Pro 22:1 to be chosen is a name more than great riches, and good favour more than silver and than gold; Job 28:17 (of wisdom) gold and glass do not equal it; Psa 19:10 (ordinances of ׳י) which are more to be desired than gold; compare Psa 119:72; Psa 119:127; also metaphor of princes and chief men of Zion Lam 4:1 (compare Lam 4:2).
3 gold as spoil of war Jos 6:19 (+ בַּרְזֶל כְּלֵינְֿחשֶׁת, כֶּסֶף,) so Jos 6:24, compare Jos 7:21, Jos 7:24; Jos 22:8; 2Ki 7:8 +.
4 gold as merchandise Eze 27:22 (+ כָּלבּֿשֶֹׁם ראֹשׁ יְקָרָה, אֶבֶן), compare also gold from Ophir 1Ki 9:28 etc. (see below 7 below)
5 gold as costly gift: to a prophet וְז כֶּסֶף בֵּיתוֺ ׳מְלֹא (hypothet.), Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (both E); brought by queen of Sheba to Solomon 1Ki 10:2, 1Ki 10:10 (both + יְקָרָה אֶבֶן and בְּשָׂמִים) = 2Ch 9:1, 2Ch 9:9; as tribute 2Ki 23:35 (twice in verse) (compare 2Ki 23:33; all + כֶּסֶף); as satisfaction for murder 2Sa 21:4 (+ כֶּסֶף).
6 gold as material: of (nose- or ear-) ring, נֶזֶם Gen 24:22; Exo 32:2-3, Jdg 8:24-25, Pro 11:22; Pro 25:12; Job 42:11; of chain Gen 41:42, shields 2Sa 8:7, images of emerods 1Sa 6:4, 1Sa 6:17 and mice 1Sa 6:4; 1Sa 6:11; 1Sa 6:18; ז ׳תַּמּוּחֵי כֶּסֶף בְּמַשְׂכִּיּוֺת Pro 25:11; ז ׳גֻּלַּת Exo 12:6; ׳כְּלֵיזֿ Exo 3:22; Exo 11:2; Exo 12:35; 1Sa 6:8; Psa 105:37 etc.; זָהָב וּכְלֵי כְּלֵיכֶֿסֶף Gen 24:53 as presents to a bride (+ בְּגָדִים); so of presents to secure king's favour 2Sa 8:10 (+ נְחשֶׁת כְּלֵי), and in list of yearly gifts or tribute to Solomon 1Ki 10:25 2Ch 9:24; as material of idols ז וֵאלֹהֵי ׳כֶסֶף אֱלֹהֵי Exo 20:23; compare Exo 32:31; Hos 8:4; Isa 2:20; Isa 30:22; Isa 31:7; Deu 29:16; Psa 115:4; Psa 135:15; as plating of idols Deu 7:25; especially as material of the furnishings of Solomon's temple, or (oftener) the platings of temple, or parts thereof, or of its furnishings 1Ki 6:20-21, (3 t. in verse); 1Ki 6:22 (twice in verse); 1Ki 6:28; 1Ki 7:48 1Ki 7:10t. 1Ki 6:7; also 2Ch 3:5 (twice in verse); 2Ch 3:6 2Ch 3:14t. 2Ch 3:4; cf 1Ch 28:14 (twice in verse) + 14 t. 1 Chronicles 28:29 (David's preparation for temple); see also 2Ki 24:13; compare 2Ki 14:14 2Ch 25:24; 2Ki 25:15 = Jer 52:19 (in accounts of plundering temple etc.); but more often still of furnishing and utensils of tabernacle, insignia of high-priest etc., Exo 25:3, Exo 25:11, Exo 25:24 97t. Exodus 25-40, Lev 8:9; Num 4:11; Num 8:4; (in case of large objects frequently of plating or sheathing, compare 12c below) Note the expressions ז ׳תְּנוּפַת ליהוה Exo 35:22 a wave-offering of gold, הַתְּנוּפָה זְהַב Exo 38:24; also הַתְּרוּמָה זְהַב Num 31:52 (all P) compare Ezr 8:25, and (of offering to heathen god) בְּזָהָב יְכַבֵּד Dan 11:38.
7 gold described by its source, especially gold from Ophir (compare Glass: Skizze ii. 357 ff. 368) 1Ki 9:28; 1Ki 10:11; 1Ki 22:49; 1Ch 29:4; 2Ch 8:18; 2Ch 9:10; so perh Jer 10:9 (read אוֺפִיר for אוּפַז Ew Klo and others); שְׁבָא זְהַב Psa 72:15; on ׳ז מַּרְוָ֑יִם2Ch 3:6 see פרוים; compare further Gen 2:11-12,.
8 gold defined by var. adjective and pts.: ׳ז שָׁחוּט beaten gold (see שָׁחַט) 1Ki 10:16-17, 2Ch 9:15 (twice in verse); 2Ch 9:16; ׳ז סָגוּר 1Ki 6:20-21, also 1Ki 7:49-50, 1Ki 10:21 2Ch 4:20, 2Ch 4:22; 2Ch 9:21 (on meaning see סָגַר); especially (but only P & Chronicles) ׳ז טָהוֺר pure gold Exo 25:11, Exo 25:17, Exo 25:24 Exo 25:21t. Exodus 25.. 28. 30. 37. 39 (of equipments of tabernacle and high priest's insignia), 1Ch 28:17; 2Ch 3:4; 2Ch 9:17; compare ׳ז טוֺב2Ch 3:5, 2Ch 3:8; on ׳ז מוּפָז 1Ki 10:18, AV best gold, compare מָּזַז אוּפָז,.
9 ׳ז as measure of weight and value:
a. = gold-shekel, ז ׳עֲשָׂרָה מִשְׁקָלָם Gen 24:22; ז עֲשָׂרָה אַחַת ׳כַּף Num 7:14 Num 7:11t. Numbers 7; ז ׳וּשְׁבַעמֵֿאוֺת אֶלֶף Jdg 8:26, compare 1Ki 10:16; 2Ki 5:5; 2Ch 9:15-16, ז ׳אַלְפֵי וָכָ֑סֶף Psa 119:72; compare further Jos 7:21; but also (only Chronicles) שֶׁקֶל expressed: מֵאוֺת שֵׁשׁ ז ׳שִׁקְלֵי מִשְׁקַל 1Ch 21:25 (50 shekels of silver in || 2Sa 24:24); ז חֲמִשִּׁים לִשְׁקָלִים לְמִסְמְרוֺת ׳וּמִשְׁקָל2Ch 3:9.
b. ז מָנִים ׳שְׁלשֶׁת 1Ki 10:17 three minas of gold (see מָנֶה).
c. ז ׳כִּכַּר talent of gold 2Sa 12:30; 1Ki 9:14 + (see כִּכָּר).
d. וָאֶלֶף שֵׁשׁרִֿבּאֹוֺת דַּרְכְּמוֺנִים זָהָב Ezr 2:69 compare Neh 7:69-70, Neh 7:71; also ז ׳וּכְפֹרֵי אָ֑לָף לַאֲדַרְכֹּנִים עֶשְׂרִים Ezr 8:27 (see דַּרְכְּמוֺן); — with the above should perhaps be compared ז ׳הַזָּלִים מִכִּיס Isa 46:6 i.e. the gold used in making the god was the coin carried in the bag.
10 ׳ז = golden oil, from colour, Zec 4:12.
11 ׳ז often named with כֶּסֶף, and then, in earlier and sometimes in later writings, follows it: וּבַזָּהָב בַּכֶּסֶף Gen 13:2 (J), compare Gen 24:35, Gen 24:53; Gen 44:8 (all J) Exo 3:22; Exo 11:2; Exo 12:35; Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (all E), Jos 6:19, Jos 6:24 (JE), Deu 7:25; Deu 17:17; Deu 29:16; 2Sa 8:11; 2Sa 21:4; 1Ki 7:51; 1Ki 15:15, 1Ki 15:18, 1Ki 15:19; 2Ki 7:8; 2Ki 16:8; 2Ki 18:14; 2Ki 20:13; 2Ki 23:33, 2Ki 23:35 (twice in verse); Hos 2:10; Hos 8:4; Isa 2:7; Isa 60:9; Jer 10:4; Zep 1:18; Eze 7:19; Eze 38:13; Zec 6:11; Joel 4:5, Pro 22:1; Psa 105:37; Psa 115:4; Psa 135:15; 2Ch 1:15; 2Ch 5:1; Ezr 1:4; Ezr 8:25; Dan 11:8; Ecc 2:8 +; in later writings ׳ז often precedes Eze 28:4; Zec 14:14; Mal 3:3; 1Ch 18:10; 1Ch 22:14, 1Ch 22:16; 1Ch 28:15-16, 1Ch 29:3-4, 1Ch 29:5, 1Ch 29:7; 2Ch 9:14, 2Ch 9:21; 2Ch 24:14; 2Ch 25:24; Ezr 1:11; Psa 119:72; Son 1:11; Dan 11:38 +, and so in P, Exo 25:3; Exo 31:4; Exo 35:5, Exo 35:32; Num 31:32; yet also as early as Hab 2:19; 1Ki 10:22; 2Ki 25:15.
12 the chief verbs used with ׳ז are:
a. עָשָׂה make of (c. 2 accusative) 1Ki 7:48 (compare 1Ki 7:49; 1Ki 7:49; 1Ki 7:50; 1Ki 7:50) 1Ki 10:16; 1Ki 12:28; 1Ki 14:26; 2Ch 4:7-8, 2Ch 4:19; 2Ch 12:9; 2Ch 13:8, and especially in P (tabernacle) Exo 25:11, Exo 25:17, Exo 25:18 Exo 25:35t. Exodus 25-39; also followed by בְּ work in gold, בַּזּ ׳לַעֲשׂוֺת וּבַנְּחשֶׁת וּבַכֶּסֶף Exo 31:4; Exo 35:32, also (+ בַּבַּרְזֶל, etc.), 2Ch 2:6; 2Ch 2:13;
b. יָצַק (object ז ׳טַבְּעֹת) Exo 25:12; Exo 37:3, Exo 37:13 (all P);
c. צִמָּה overlay with (c. 2 accusative) 1Ki 6:20-21, (twice in verse); 1Ki 6:22, 1Ki 6:28, 1Ki 6:30, 1Ki 6:32, 1Ki 6:35 (1Ki 6:32; 1Ki 6:35 one accusative omitted), 1Ki 10:18; 2Ch 3:4, 2Ch 3:10; 2Ch 9:17, and especially P (tabernacle) Exo 25:11, Exo 25:13, Exo 25:24, Exo 25:28 Exo 25:15t. Exodus 26-37; in same sense
d. ז ׳וַיְחַמֵּהוּ2Ch 3:5 compare 2Ch 3:7; 2Ch 3:8; 2Ch 3:9, and
e. ז ׳תָּפוּשׂ וָכֶסֶף Hab 2:19 encased in gold and silver; also
f. ׳בַּזּ יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ Isa 40:19;
g. רדד Hiph`il, אֶתהַֿזּ וְעַלהַֿתִּמֹּרוֺת עַלהַֿכְּרוּבִים ׳וַיָּ֫רֶב 1Ki 6:32 and he spread upon the cherubim and upon the palm-trees the gold; further
h. בָּחַן try, Zec 13:9; compare
i. זִקַּק Mal 3:3. — On זָהָב דִּי, proper name; on זָהָב מֵי proper name see below מַיִם.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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