גֶּשֶׁם
geshem · H1653 · Hebrew · 35 occurrences
Thing
- ElmWild Trees and Shrubs1 verse
Meanings
-
rain
Water that has fallen as rain
ExamplesGenesis 7:12 The rain fell upon the earth for forty days and forty nights.
Genesis 8:2 Also the fountains of the deep and the floodgates of the sky were closed, and the rain from the sky was restrained;
Leviticus 26:4 then I shall give you rains in their season, so that the land will yield its produce and the trees of the field will bear their fruit.
How it’s used In 10 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
6 occurrences in 5 groups
- מָטַרrain 2
- בְּרָכָהblessing, praise, gift 1
- נְדָבָהfreewill offering 1
- כֶםyour 1
- הֶםtheir 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- שָׁטַףto flow 3
- גָּדוֹלgreat, large 1
Named alongside itApposition
2 occurrences in 3 groups
- מַלְקוֹשׁlatter rain 2
- יוֹרֶהarcher 1
- מוֹרֶהearly rain 1
What it doesIt is the subject
13 occurrences in 6 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 8
- גָּדַלto be great, to grow up, to magnify 1
- חָלַףto come up 1
- יָרַדto go down, to come down 1
- כָּלָאto restrain, to withhold, to shut up 1
- עָצָרto restrain, to shut up, to stop 1
What is done to itIt is the object
10 occurrences in 7 groups
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 3
- יָרַדto go down, to come down 2
- חוּלto tremble, to writhe 1
- מָטַרto send rain 1
- מָנַעto withhold 1
- נוּףto wave 1
Second object ofSecond object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אַיִןthere is no, not 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- אִישׁman, person, each 1
- עֵתtime, moment, period 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- אַחַרafter, behind 2
- כlike/as 2
- מִןfrom 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- הָמוֹןmultitude, tumult, abundance 1
- יוֹםday, time 1
- מָטַרrain 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 3 words
- מָטַר mâṭar · H4306 · rain
- Both are Hebrew nouns meaning "rain," near-identical in sense and capable of substituting for one another in most contexts.
- רָבִיב râbîyb · H7241 · shower
- Both denote precipitation—גֶּשֶׁם (geshem, H1653) rain generally, רָבִיב (râbîyb, H7241) showers specifically—overlapping meteorological terms for falling water.
- זֶרֶם zerem · H2230 · rainstorm, torrent of rain
- Both words denote forms of precipitation: גֶּשֶׁם (geshem, H1653) is the general term for "rain, shower," while זֶרֶם (zerem, H2230) emphasizes intensity ("flood, overflowing, shower, storm, tempest"). Both can substitute in contexts describing water falling from the sky.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ὑετός hyetós · G5205 · rain, rain water, to rain
- Greek ὑετός is the standard Septuagint rendering of Hebrew גֶּשֶׁם, both denoting rain/precipitation from heaven, with overlapping meteorological and theological register (divine provision, judgment, blessing).
- χειμών cheimṓn · G5494 · winter, bad weather, stormy weather
- Greek χειμών denotes the rainy season or winter storm as a temporal/climatic phenomenon, while Hebrew גֶּשֶׁם focuses on rain as precipitation itself; the overlap occurs when rain characterizes or defines the winter period.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Rain001002005011
- The noun denotes rain or a rain shower, the ordinary meteorological sense attested throughout the flood narrative and covenant-blessing texts describing seasonal rains.
- Names of People003001007
- This code is inherited from the shared listing with the personal name Geshem (גֶּשֶׁם (Geshem, H1654)), which shares this word's spelling, rather than an independent feature of this noun's own attested rain sense.
Word family 3 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1653. geshem II. גֶּ֫שֶׁם noun masculineGen 7:12 rain, shower (Late Hebrew id.,…
II. גֶּ֫שֶׁם noun masculineGen 7:12 rain, shower (Late Hebrew id., connected with above √ dubious) — absolute ׳ג Gen 7:12 +; גָּ֑שֶׁם 1Ki 18:41 +; construct גֶּשֶׁם Job 37:6 (twice in verse) +; plural גְּשָׁמִים Eze 10:9, Eze 10:13; construct גִּשְׁמֵי Eze 34:26; suffix גִּשְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:4; גִּשְׁמֵיהֶם Psa 105:32; — rain, shower Gen 7:12; Gen 8:2 (both J) Lev 26:4 (H) Hos 6:3; Amo 4:7; Jer 5:24; Jer 14:4; Isa 44:14; Isa 55:10; Eze 1:28; Joe 2:23 (|| מַלְקוֺשׁ מוֺרֶה,); 1Ki 17:7, 1Ki 17:14; 1Ki 18:45 (גדול ׳ג) 2Ki 3:17; Pro 25:14, Pro 25:23; Ecc 11:3; Son 2:11; Psa 105:32, ׳וּמֵהַגּ Ezr 10:9 and because of the rains, compare Ezr 10:13; הַגּ הֲמוֺן ׳קוֺל 1Ki 18:41 compare 1Ki 18:44; Zec 14:17; Ecc 12:2; וְג ׳מָטָ֑ר עֻזּוֺ מִטְרוֺת גֶּשֶׁם Job 37:6; מְטַרגֶּֿשֶׁם Zec 10:1; compare ׳ג נְדָבוֺת Psa 68:10; figurative of blessing Eze 34:26, ׳ג בְּרָכָה Eze 34:26; of destruction ׳ג שֹׁטֵף Eze 13:11, Eze 13:13; compare Eze 38:22.
[גְּשֵׁם] noun masculineDan 4:30 body (see √ גשׁם in Biblical Hebrew; ᵑ7J גִּשְׁמָא גּוּשְׁמָא, (DWB 83), Syriac , body, self); — body of man, suffix גִּשְׁמֵהּ Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21, so plural suffix גַּשְׁמַיהוֺן (K§ 15 a) Dan 3:27. 28, both Kt, Qr singular גֶּשְׁמֵהוֺן (K§ 54, 3 b)).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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