גָּרַשׁ
gârash · H1644 · Hebrew · 47 occurrences
Meanings
-
to toss about
Process by which large bodies of water move back and forth as a result of natural forces
ExamplesIsaiah 57:20 But the wicked are like the tossing sea, For it cannot be quiet, And its waters toss up refuse and mud.
Amos 8:8 “Because of this will the land not quake, And everyone who lives in it mourn? Indeed, all of it will rise up like the Nile, And it will be tossed about And subside like the Nile of Egypt.
-
to toss up, to cast up
Causative action by which large bodies of water move back and forth and in the process throw up some the muddy substance contained by them
ExamplesIsaiah 57:20 But the wicked are like the tossing sea, For it cannot be quiet, And its waters toss up refuse and mud.
-
to drive out, to expel, to evict
Causative action by which people are expelled from their dwelling-place
ExamplesGenesis 3:24 So He drove the man out; and at the east of the Garden of Eden He stationed the cherubim and the flaming sword which turned every direction to guard the way to the tree of life.
Genesis 4:14 “Behold, You have driven me this day from the face of the ground; and I will be hidden from Your face, and I will be a wanderer and a drifter on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me.”
Genesis 21:10 Therefore she said to Abraham, “Drive out this slave woman and her son, for the son of this slave woman shall not be an heir with my son Isaac!”
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
42 occurrences in 13 groups
- Not stated: I 10
- Not stated: he, she or it 10
- Not stated: they 6
- Not stated: you (one person) 5
- Other words · 9 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
36 occurrences in 26 groups
- הֶםthem 8
- וֹhim 6
- גּוֹיnation, people 3
- נִיme 3
- Other words · 22 groups that occur once or twice (25) 25
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
27 occurrences in 20 groups
- מִןfrom+ פָּנִיםface, presence, before 11
- מִןfrom+ בַּיִתhouse, household 3
- Other words · 18 groups that occur once or twice (19) 19
With adverbsAdverbs
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- לֹאnot 2
- כָּלָהcomplete destruction, full end 1
What is done to itIt is the object
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
- לָקַחto take, to receive 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לto/for 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- נֶדֶרvow 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- ἐκβάλλω ekbállō · G1544 · to throw out, to jettison (from a boat), to send away
- Greek ἐκβάλλω is the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew גָּרַשׁ across its core senses of expulsion, casting out, and driving away, reflecting direct translation equivalence in the semantic domain of forcible removal or ejection.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Unsteady002001001067
- This code is inherited from the shared listing with a related sense of restless wandering that results from being driven out rather than an independent feature of the specific citations reviewed here.
- Move002002001012
- The verb describes driving out or expelling by force, the core sense of banishing a person from a place, as Adam was driven from Eden and Hagar was driven from Abraham's household.
- Dwell002002001005
- The verb's effect is the loss of a settled dwelling place, as those driven out become wanderers no longer able to remain where they had lived.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1644. garash [גָּרַשׁ] verb drive out, cast out (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic גְּרַשׁ Pa`el,…
[גָּרַשׁ] verb drive out, cast out (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic גְּרַשׁ Pa`el, Ithpe`el of divorce, MI19 ויגרשה) —
Qal Imperfect וַיִּגְרְשׁוּ Isa 57:20; Infinitive suffix מִגְרָשָׁהּ Eze 36:5 below; Participle active גֹּרֵשׁ Exo 34:11; passive feminine גְּרוּשָׁה Lev 21:7 Lev 21:4t.; — cast our, thrust out, ׳י, the Amorites Exo 34:11 (J E; with מִמְּנֵי); waters, mire and dirt וָטִיט רֶפֶשׁ Isa 57:20; passive only of divorced woman Lev 21:7 (followed by מֵאִישָׁהּ; elsewhere with אַלְמָנָה widow), Lev 21:14; Lev 22:13 (all H), Num 30:10 (P) Eze 44:22. On מִגְרָשָׁהּ Eze 36:5 as Aramaic Infinitive compare Ges§ 45 1.c. Köi 166; Co strike out, on internal grounds, compare ᵐ5
Niph`al Perfect נִגְרָ֑שׁ Isa 57:20; Isa 57:3feminine singular וְנִגְרְשָׁה consecutive Amo 8:8; נִגְרַשְׁתִּי Jon 2:5; — be driven away, followed by עֵינֶיךָ מִנֶּגֶד, i.e. from the presence of Yahweh Jon 2:5; be driven, tossed, as the Nile Amo 8:8; of the sea Isa 57:20 rel. clause, אֲשֶׁר omitted, like the sea that is tossed.
Pi`el Perfect3feminine singular וְגֵרְשָׁה consecutive Exo 23:28; גֵּרַשְׁתָּ Gen 4:14, suffix 3masculine plural וְגֵרַשְׁתָּמוֺ consecutive Exo 23:31; וְגֵרַשְׁתִּ֫י Exo 33:2, suffix גֵּרַשְׁתִּיהוּ Eze 31:11 (so ᵑ9 ᵑ7, not ᵐ5; compare Co's conjecture); וְגֵּרַשְׁתִּיו consecutive Num 22:11; Num 22:3plural suffix גֵּרְשׁוּנִי 1Sa 26:19; Imperfect יְגָרֵשׁ Exo 11:1, וַיְגָ֫רֶשׁ Gen 3:24 Gen 3:6t.; suffix וַיְגָרֲשֵׁהוּ Psa 34:1, יְגָָֽרֲשֵׁם Exo 6:1-2;masculine singular תְּגָרֵשׁ Psa 80:9, וַתְּגָ֫רֶשׁ Jos 24:12; אֲגָרֵשׁ Jdg 2:3, וָָֽאֲגָרֵשׁ Jdg 6:9; suffix 3masculine singular אֲגָָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ Exo 23:29-30, Num 22:6; אֲגָָֽרֲשֵׁם Hos 9:15; וַיְגָָֽרֲשׁוּ Jdg 11:2; יְגָָֽרֲשׁוּהָ Zep 2:4, וַיְגָָֽרֲשׁוּם Exo 2:17; Exo 2:2masculine plural תְּגָָֽרֲשׁוּן Mic 2:9, וַתְּגָָֽרֲשׁוּנִי Jdg 11:7; Infinitive construct לְגָרֵשׁ 1Ch 17:21 + || 2Sa 7:23 Gei We Dr, for לארצך ᵑ0; לְגָָֽרֲשֵׁנוּ2Ch 20:11; absolute id. Exo 11:1; Imperative גָּרֵשׁ Gen 21:10; Pro 22:10; — drive out, away, Hexateuch all J E, including poem Deuteronomy 33; (׳י subject), Adam from garden Gen 3:24 compare Cain Gen 4:14 (followed by מִן local, & so 21 t.), David (men subject) 1Sa 26:19, id. (Abimelech subject) Psa 34:1 (title), Hagar (Abraham subject) Gen 21:10 compare scorner, Pro 22:10 daughters of Reuel (subject shepherds) Exo 2:17; Moses and Aaron from Pharaoh's presence (indefinite subject) Exo 10:11; Gaal etc. (subject Zebul) Jdg 9:41 (followed by מִן with Infinitive), Jephthah (Gil. subject) Jdg 11:2, Jdg 11:7; Abiathar (subject Solomon) 1Ki 2:27 (followed by מִן with Infinitive) wicked from temple (׳י subject) Hos 9:15; women from houses (nobles subject) Mic 2:9; often of Canaanites (hornet subject) Exo 23:28; Jos 24:12 compare Exo 23:31 (Israel subject); also (׳י subject; compare MI19) Exo 23:29-30, Exo 33:2; Deu 33:27; Jos 24:18; Jdg 2:3; Jdg 6:9; Psa 78:55; Psa 80:9; 1Ch 17:21; of Israel from Egypt (subject Pharaoh) Exo 6:1; Exo 11:1 (twice in verse); from land of Moab (subject Balak) Num 22:6, Num 22:11; Judah from Canaan (subject Moab & Ammon) 2Ch 20:11; Egypt from her land (׳י subject) Eze 31:11 (but compare text, above); Ashdod (indefinite subject) Zep 2:4.
Pu`al Perfect גֹּרְשׁוּ subject Israelites Exo 12:39; Imperfect יְגֹרָ֑שׁוּ subject despised and miserable outcasts Job 30:5 both followed by מִן local
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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