Μαρία

indeclinable, and Μαρία, Μαρίας, ἡ (מִרְיָם 'obstinacy,' 'rebelliousness'; the well-known proper name of the sister of Moses; in the Targums מַרְיָם; cf. Delitzsch, Zeitschr. f. luth. Theol. for 1877, p. 2 (Maria is a good Latin name also)), Mary. The women of this name mentioned in the N. T. are the following:
1. the mother of Jesus Christ, the wife of Joseph; her name is written Μαρία (in an oblique case) in Mt 1:16, Mt 1:18; Mt 2:11; Mk 6:3; Lk 1:41; Acts 1:14 (R G L); Μαριάμ Mt 13:55; Lk 1:27, Lk 1:30-56 ((in Lk 1:38 L marginal reading Μαρία)); Lk 2:5, Lk 2:16, Lk 2:34; (Acts 1:14 T Tr WH); the reading varies between the two forms in Mt 1:20 (WH text Μαρίαν); Lk 2:19 (L T Tr WH text Μαρία); so where the other women of this name are mentioned, (see Tdf. Proleg., p. 116, where it appears that in his text the genitive is always (seven times) Μαρίας; the nominative in Mark always (seven times) Μαρία; that in John Μαριάμ occurs eleven times; Μαρία (or Μαρίαν) only three times, etc.; for the facts respecting the manuscripts, see (Tdf. as above and) WHs Appendix, p. 156); cf. Buttmann, 17 (15).
2. Mary Magdalene (a native of Magdala): Mt 27:56, Mt 27:61; Mt 28:1; Mk 15:40, Mk 15:47; Mk 16:1, Mk 16:9; Lk 8:2; Lk 24:10; Jn 19:25; Jn 20:1, Jn 20:11, Jn 20:16, Jn 20:18.
3. the mother of James the less and Joses, the wife of Clopas (or Alphaeus) and sister of the mother of Jesus: Mt 27:56, Mt 27:61; Mt 28:1; Mk 15:40, Mk 15:47; Mk 16:1; Lk 24:10; Jn 19:25 (see Ἰάκωβος, 2). There are some, indeed, who, thinking it improbable that there were two living sisters of the name of Mary (the common opinion), suppose that not three but four women are enumerated in Jn 19:25, and that these are distributed into two pairs so that ἀδελφή τῆς μητρός Ἰησοῦ designates Salome, the wife of Zebedee; so especially Wieseler in the Theol. Studien und Kritiken for 1840, p. 648ff, (cf. Lightfoots Commentary on Galatians, Diasert. ii., especially, pp. 255f, 264) with whom Lücke, Meyer, Ewald and others agree; in opposed to them cf. Grimm in Ersch and Gruber's Encykl. sect. 2 vol. xxii., p. 1f. In fact, instances are not lacking among the Jews of two living brothers of the same name, e. g. Onias, in Josephus, Antiquities 12, 5, 1; Herod, sons of Herod the Great, one by Mariamne, the other by Cleopatra of Jerusalem, Josephus, Antiquities 17, 1, 3; b. j. 1, 28, 4; (cf. B. D., under the phrase, Mary of Cleophas; Lightfoot as above, p. 264).
4. the sister of Lazarus and Martha: Lk 10:39, Lk 10:42; Jn 11:1-45; Jn 12:3.
5. the mother of John Mark: Acts 12:12.
6. a certain Christian woman mentioned in Rom 16:6.