Word

κοινόω

koinóō · G2840 · Greek · 14 occurrences

See all 14 in Search

Meanings

to make unclean, to defile, to profane

To cause something to become unclean, profane, or ritually unacceptable

Examples
Matthew 15:11 “It is not what enters the mouth that defiles the person, but what comes out of the mouth, this defiles the person.”
Matthew 15:18 “But the things that come out of the mouth come from the heart, and those things defile the person.
Matthew 15:20 “These are the things that defile the person; but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile the person.”
to call something common, to regard something as defiled

To call or to regard something as common or defiled

Examples
Acts 10:15 Again a voice came to him a second time, “What God has cleansed, no longer consider unholy.”
Acts 11:9 “But a voice from heaven answered a second time, ‘What God has cleansed, no longer consider unholy.’

How it’s used In 5 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

14 occurrences in 9 groups

Not stated (participle) 3
Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

13 occurrences in 4 groups

ἄνθρωποςman, person, people 8
καθαρίζωto make clean, to cleanse, to clean 2
αὐτόςhe, she, it, same 2
τόποςplace 1

With adverbsAdverbs

3 occurrences in 2 groups

μήnot 2
οὐnot 1

What is done to itIt is the object

4 occurrences in 3 groups

δύναμαιcan 2
λέγωto say 1
ῥαντίζωto sprinkle, to cleanse 1

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

2 occurrences in 2 groups

ἐκπορεύομαιto go out, to come out 1
οὗτοςthis 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 1 word

μιαίνω miaínō · G3392 · to defile, to contaminate, to cause to be morally filthy: Both verbs denote ceremonial or moral defiling actions. The target centers on rendering something ritually common or profane — violating the boundary between sacred and profane — while μιαίνω emphasizes the staining or sullying aspect of contamination, extending further into purely moral contamination. This is a genuine, specific nuance between two verbs operating in the same defiling or contaminating conceptual space, not a broad or coincidental overlap.

Semantic domains 2 entries

To make unclean, to defile, to profane53.33: κοινόω describes the act of making something ritually common or defiled. Matthew 15:11 has Jesus teaching, “It is not what enters the mouth that defiles the person, but what comes out of the mouth, this defiles the person,” the κοινόω naming this act of defiling by what proceeds from within.
To call something common, to regard something as defiled53.40: The same verb can describe the act of judging or regarding something as ceremonially unclean, rather than making it so. Acts 10:15 records the voice telling Peter a second time, “What God has cleansed, no longer consider unholy,” the κοινόω naming this act of regarding something as unclean that Peter was told to stop doing.

Word family 8 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

κοινός koinós · G2839 · shared, mutual, common · 14×κοινωνία koinōnía · G2842 · close association, fellowship, to share · 19×κοινόωkoinóō · G2840κοινωνός koinōnós · G2844 · partner, associate, one who joins in with · 10×κοινωνέω koinōnéō · G2841 · to share, to join in doing, to share in doing · 8×συγκοινωνός synkoinōnós · G4791 · partner, associate, one who joins in with · 4×συγκοινωνέω synkoinōnéō · G4790 · to participate with, to be in partnership with, to associate with · 3×κοινωνικός koinōnikós · G2843 · ready to share · 1×

Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon κοινῷ; 1 aorist infinitive κοινῶσαι (cf. Winer's Grammar, 91 (86)); perfect κεκοίνωκα;…

κοινῷ; 1 aorist infinitive κοινῶσαι (cf. Winer's Grammar, 91 (86)); perfect κεκοίνωκα; perfect passive participle κεκοινωμενος; (κοινός);
1. in classical Greek to make common.
2. in Biblical use (see κοινός, 2), a. to make (levitically) unclean, render unhallowed, defile, profane (which the Greeks express by βεβηλόω, cf. Winer's De verb. comp. etc. Part ii., p. 24 note 33 (where he calls attention to Luke's accuracy in putting κοινοῦν into the mouth of Jews speaking to Jews (Acts 21:28) and βεβηλοῦν when they address Felix (xxiv. 6))): Rev 21:27 Rec.; Mt 15:11, Mt 15:18, Mt 15:20; Mk 7:15, Mk 7:18, Mk 7:20, Mk 7:23; passive Heb 9:13; τί, Acts 21:28; γαστέρα μαροφαγια, 4 Macc. 7:6.
b. to declare or count unclean: Acts 10:15 (cf. ); ; see δικαιόω, 3.

Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry

Defile, Unclean, Common14 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0