δωρεάν

εἰκῆ eikē · G1500 · without cause, without reason, for no reason

δωρεάν (“freely, without cost”) and the target term εἰκῇ (“idly, without reason”) converge on the senses “without cause” and “without purpose,” representing genuine overlap in the domain of groundless or unjustified action, alongside δωρεάν's additional commercial sense of “without cost.”

חִנָּם chinnâm · H2600 · without payment, for free, gratis

Hebrew חְִנָּם denotes gratuitous action done without payment or cause, corresponding directly to the core sense of Greek δωρεάν, “freely, without cost,” and the two function as regular translation equivalents in the Septuagint.

Without cost, as a free gift, without paying57.85

Used of something received or given at no charge, as of the instruction that they freely received, so they should freely give, in Matthew 10:8, and being justified freely by God's grace through the redemption in Christ Jesus in Romans 3:24.

Without cause, without reason, for no reason89.20

Used of hostility lacking any legitimate justification, as of the fulfillment of the saying that they hated Jesus for no reason in John 15:25.

For no purpose, without purpose89.63

Used of an action rendered pointless, as of Paul's declaration that he does not nullify the grace of God, for if righteousness comes through the Law, then Christ died needlessly in Galatians 2:21.

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.