שָׁכַר
shâkar · H7937 · Hebrew · 19 occurrences
Meanings
-
to become drunk
Process by which humans become intoxicated as a result of having too much alcohol
ExamplesGenesis 9:21 He drank some of the wine and became drunk, and uncovered himself inside his tent.
1 Samuel 1:14 Then Eli said to her, “How long will you behave like a drunk? Get rid of your wine!”
2 Samuel 11:13 Now David summoned Uriah, and he ate and drank in his presence, and he made Uriah drunk; and in the evening Uriah went out to lie on his bed with his lord’s servants, and he still did not go down to his house.
How it’s used In 4 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
18 occurrences in 8 groups
- Not stated: I 4
- Not stated: you (more than one) 3
- Not stated: they 3
- Not stated: you (one person) 2
- Not stated: he, she or it 2
- Not stated (infinitive) 2
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
8 occurrences in 6 groups
- וֹhim 2
- הֶםthem 2
- גִּבּוֹרmighty man, warrior 1
- דָּםblood 1
- חֵץarrow 1
- אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- מִןfrom+ דָּםblood 1
- עַדto, as far as, until+ מָתַיwhen? 1
- עִםwith+ וֹhim 1
- בin/on/with+ חֵמָהwrath, fury 1
- כlike/as+ עָסִיסmust 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אַיִןthere is no, not 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Ingest002001001025
- The verb for drinking to drunkenness, directly shown in Noah who "drank some of the wine and became drunk" (Genesis 9:21), Joseph's brothers who "drank freely with him" (Genesis 43:34), Eli's rebuke of Hannah for behaving "like a drunk" (1 Samuel 1:14), David's plot to make "Uriah drunk" (2 Samuel 11:13), and the LORD's own figurative threat to "make My arrows drunk with blood" (Deuteronomy 32:42).
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7937. shakar I. [שָׁכַר] verb be, or beocme, drunk, drunken (Late Hebrew id., derived…
I. [שָׁכַר] verb be, or beocme, drunk, drunken (Late Hebrew id., derived species and derivatives; Ecclus 40:18; Ecclus 40:20 שכר strong drink; Arabic be drunken, also be full, fill; Assyrian šikaru; = שֵׁכָר, šikaru, drunken, perhaps also verb šakâru; Ethiopic : Aramaic שִׁכְרָא, = שְׁכָר, especially date-wine (Löw p. 125), compare be drunken, usually (derived species) defile, deform, etc.; from שֵׁכָר, Egyptian t-av-k-±ra WMMAs.u.Eur.102, Greek σίκερα, LewyFremdw. 81); —
Qal Perfect3plural שָֽׁכְרוּ Isa 29:9; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑רGen 9:21, Gen 9:3 masculine plural יִשְׁכָּר֑וּן Isa 49:26, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שִׁכְרוּ Jer 25:27; Son 5:1; Infinitive construct לְשָׁכְרָה Hag 1:6; Passive participle שְׁכֻרַתIsa 51:21 (Ges§ 130b LagBN 60); — become drunken Gen 9:21 (J), of social drinking Gen 43:34 (J), Son 5:1, token of plenty Hag 1:6; figurative of nations staggering helplessly under calamity Jer 25:27; Jer 51:21(מִיָּ֑יִן וְלֹא), of Nah 3:11; of infatuation Isa 29:9 (יַיִן וְלֹא), of disgrace Lam 4:21, self-destruction, יִשׁ דָּמָם ׳כֶּעָסִיס Isa 49:26.
Pi`el make drunken: Imperfect3masculine singular suffix וַיְשַׁכְּרֵהוּ 2Sa 11:13, literal; figurative 1singular (suffix of people) וַאֲשַׁכְּרֵם (read ׳וָ) Isa 63:6 (subject ׳י) I made them drunk in my wrath (but MSS Ges Hi Ew Che Kit Marti and others וָאֲשַׁבְּרֵם I brake them in pieces); Participle feminine singular, of Babylonian, בָּלהָֿרֶץ מְשַׁכֶּרֶת Jer 51:7; compare Infinitive abs. שַׁכֵּר Hab 2:15 (i. e. terrorizing nations; read probably שׁ וְאַף ׳הַשְׁקֵה We Now).
Hiph`il id.: Perfect1singular וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּ֫י Jer 51:27 (subject ׳י) i.e. make princes helpless, וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים Jer 51:39; Imperative masculine plural suffix הַשְׁכִּירֻהוּ object Moab, i.e. make helpless and disgraced Jer 48:26; Imperfect1singular מִדָּם חְצַּי אַשְׁכִּיר Deu 32:42. — RubenJQ xi (1889), 446 proposes מַשְׁכִּירוֺת Hos 7:5 for את ידו משׁך.
Hithpa`el Imperfect2feminine singular תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִין 1Sa 1:14 how long wilt thou make thyself drunken [a drunken spectacle] ?
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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