עַל

H5922. al
עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and General Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, CookeNo. 77, A 5, 6, B 8, S-CPap. A 3, B 5 +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (עֲלַךְ ᵑ7, Dalm§ 47, 2) Dan 3:12 Dan 3:6t. Daniel; Ezr 7:18; Ezr 7:3masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-CA 6 +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezr 6:11; Ezr 6:3feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-CD 24), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21; Dan 5:1plural עֲלֵינָא Ezr 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezr 4:18; Ezr 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CISii. 226; Egyptian Aramaic, S-CPap. F 5, 8+) Ezr 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezr 5:1, Ezr 5:3; —
1. a. upon, Dan 2:10, Dan 2:28, Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5, Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 מַלְכוּתָא עַלהֵֿיכַל (2Sa 11:2); to be established מַלְכוּתִי עַל 2 Samuel 4:33 (compare 2Ch 1:1; Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezr 7:24; to trust on, Dan 3:28; after a verb of motion, עַל מְטָא to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25; of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezr 5:1 עֲלֵיהוֺן יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלָהּ בְּשֻׁם i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see
II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 עֲלוֺהִי שָׁנַיִן וְזִיוֺתִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 עֲלוֺהִי נַדַּת וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1f b), Dan 3:16 עַלדְּֿנָה מִּתְגָּם. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezr 4:15, Ezr 4:22; Ezr 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15; and דִּי דִּבְרַת עַל (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib.
1f c), Ezr 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib.
1f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14, Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezr 7:14 +?
2 over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48-49, Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezr 4:20; Ezr 6:18.
3 in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.
4 expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew
7c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezr 4:12, Ezr 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezr 4:11, Ezr 4:17, Ezr 4:18; Ezr 5:6 +, write Ezr 4:7, prophesy Ezr 5:1; of the direction of the mind (ib.
7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15; compare Ezr 5:5 אֱל ׳וְעֵין עַל הֲוַת (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Psa 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19, Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezr 4:8; Ezr 7:23.
5 in such phrases as טְאֵב עַל, שְׁפַר (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezr 5:17 טָב מַלְכָּא עַל אִם, Ezr 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁמַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb340.