סָפַר

H5608. saphar
סָפַר107 verb count,
Pi`el recount, relate (probably ancient denominative from סֵפֶר; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Ethiopic measure Di404); —
Qal27 Perfect3masculine singular ׳ס 2Sa 24:10, 2Sa 24:2masculine singular סָפַרְתָּה Psa 56:9, וְסָפַרְתָּ֫ Lev 25:8, etc.; Imperfect יִסְמֹּר Psa 87:6 + Job 38:37 where read probably יִסְמֹּר (Bu) for יִסְמּוֺר יְסַמֵּר, ᵑ0 Job 31:4, וַיִּסְמֹּר2Ch 2:1; 2Ch 2:16, suffix וַיִּסְמְּרֵם Ezr 1:8; Ezr 1:2masculine singular תִּסְמֹּר Job 39:2, תִּסְמּוֺר Job 14:16, תִּסְמָּרֿ Deu 16:9, etc.; Imperative masculine singular סְפֹר Gen 15:5; masculine plural סִפְרוּ 1Ch 21:2; Psa 48:13; Infinitive construct לִסְמֹּר Gen 15:5 Gen 15:2t.; Participle סֹפֵר Isa 33:18 (twice in verse) (see also סֹפֵר n. below); —
1 count things, to learn their number, with accusative, Gen 15:5 (twice in verse) (J) 2Sa 24:10 2Sa 24:10t. (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb 2Ch 2:16); accusative omitted Gen 41:49 (E); + ל (dativus commodi [dative of benefit] or ethicus [of interest]), Lev 15:13, Lev 15:28; Lev 23:15; Lev 25:8 (all PH), Deu 16:9; Eze 44:26; Ezr 1:8; Psa 87:6; Isa 33:8 (absolute), Isa 33:18 (but text suspicious, conjectures in Du CheHpt).
2 number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon: תִּסְמּוֺר צְעָדַי Job 14:16 of my steps thou takest account, so Job 31:4; see also Job 38:37 (compare above); סָפַרַתַּה נֹדִי Psa 56:9 my wandering hast thou reckoned, taken into account (Che reads סִמַּרְתִּי after ᵐ5).
Niph`al Imperfect3masculine singular יִסָּפֵר Hos 2:1 Hos 2:4t.; 3 masculine plural יִסָּֽפְרוּ 1Ki 8:5; 2Ch 5:6, וַיִּסָּֽפְרוּ 1Ch 23:3; — be counted, numbered usually with negative, to indicate multitude, יִסּ ׳לֹא מֵרֹב Gen 16:10 (J) it is not to be counted, for multitude, so Gen 32:13 (J), 1Ki 3:8 (|| לֹא יִמָּנֶה), 1Ki 8:5 (+ id.), 2Ch 5:6 (+ id.); compare Hos 2:1 (+ לֹאֿ יִמַּד), Jer 33:22 (|| יִמַּד לֹא); positively, only הַלְּוִיִּם וַיִּסָּֽפְרוּ 1Ch 23:3.
Pi`el67 Perfect1singular סִמַּ֫רְתִּי Psa 119:26, סִמַּ֑רְתִּי Psa 119:13; Psa 119:3plural סִמְּרוּ Jdg 6:13 Jdg 6:3t.; Imperfect3masculine singular יְסַמֵּר Job 38:37 +, 1 singular אֲסַמֵּר Psa 22:18 +; cohortative אֲסַמֵּ֑רָה Job 15:7; Job 15:1plural וַנְּסַמֶּרֿ Exo 10:2, etc.; Imperative סַמֵּר Isa 43:26, etc.; Infinitive construct סַמֵּר (לְ) Psa 50:16 Psa 50:5t.; Participle מְסַמֵּר Jdg 7:13; 2Ki 8:5; plural מְסַמְּרִים Psa 19:2; Psa 78:4; — recount, rehearse, declare:
1 recount something (accusative) to (לְ person) Jdg 6:13; Jdg 7:13; Gen 24:66 (J), 1Sa 11:5 18t. (of rehearsing glorious deeds of ׳י Psa 44:2; Psa 73:28; Psa 78:3; Psa 78:4; Psa 79:13); with accusative + בְּ local Eze 12:16, elsewhere of rehearsing name or praise of ׳י Exo 9:16 (J) Psa 9:15; Psa 96:3 = 1Ch 16:24; Psa 102:22; Jer 51:10; with accusative alone Psa 9:2; Psa 19:2; Psa 119:13 (+ בְּ instrumental), Psa 145:6 Psa 145:8t. Psalms + Isa 43:21, all of rehearsing praise of ׳י; compare מִסַּמֵּר עָֽצְמוּ Psa 40:6 they are too great to rehearse with accusative also Jer 23:28, Jer 23:32; Job 15:17; Job 28:27; Psa 119:26; accusative omitted Isa 43:26, with לְ person Gen 40:8 (E) + 6 t., with אֶלֿ person Gen 37:10 (E), with בְּאָזְנֵי Exo 10:2; with כְּמוֺ (q. v.) Psa 73:15; with אֶלֿ concerning Psa 2:7, compare Psa 69:27 ( ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Ew Ol Gr Bi Che Bae add; in that case read יֹסִ֑פוּ); with עַלֿ concerning + לְ person Joe 1:3.
2 apparently, in weakened sense, talk Psa 59:13; Psa 64:6 (with ל concerning), Psa 73:15 (with כְּמוֺ).
3 count exactly, accurately כָּלעַֿצְמוֺתָ֑י אֲסַמֵּר Psa 22:18 I can count exactly all my bones (in wasted body). — Psa 40:6 see below
1, Job 38:37 read יִסְמֹּר.
Pu`al be recounted, related, rehearsed: Perfect3masculine singular לְ סֻמַּר Isa 52:15; Imperfect3masculine singular לְ יְסֻמַּר Job 37:20 (clause as subject), + לְ concerning Psa 22:31; with בְּ local Psa 88:12; absolute יְסֻמָּ֑ר Hab 1:5.
סוֺפֵר סֹפֵר, noun masculinePsa 45:2 enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe (properly participle of סָפַר; Aramaic סַפְרָא, id. compare doctus, literatus; O Aramaic ספרא id., Lzb330 Cook85; Phoenician ספר Lzb330); — absolute סֹפֵר Jdg 5:14 +, סוֺפֵר 2Sa 8:17 +; construct סֹפֵר 2Ki 12:11 2Ki 12:2t., + Jer 52:25 (Gie GFM read ׳הַסּ as || 2Ki 25:19); plural סֹפְרִים 1Ki 4:3; Jer 8:8, ׳סוֺ 1Ch 2:55; 1Chron 34:13; construct סֹפְרֵי Est 3:12; Est 8:9; —
1. a. enumerator, muster-officer in description of leaders of Israel ס בְּשֵׁבֶט ׳משְׁכִים Jdg 5:14.
b. king's official = secretary 2Sa 8:17 = 2Sa 20:25 = 1Ch 18:16; 2Ki 18:18, 2Ki 18:37 = Isa 36:3, Isa 36:22; Solomon had two 1Ki 4:3 (in all these distinguished from מַזְכִּיר); also 2Ki 19:2 = Isa 37:2; Jer 36:10, Jer 36:12, compare הַסּ ׳לִשְׁכַּת Jer 36:12; Jer 36:20; Jer 36:21, הַסּ ׳בֵּית Jer 37:15, Jer 37:20; acting as treasurer and paymaster 2Ki 12:11 2Ch 24:11, — compare Zadok Neh 13:13; — 2Ki 22:3, 2Ki 22:8, 2Ki 22:9, 2Ki 22:10, 2Ki 22:12 2Ch 34:15; 2Ch 34:18; 2Ch 34:20; 1Ch 24:6 (Levite); ׳הַסּ הַצָּבָא שַׂר 2Ki 25:19 = Jer 52:25 (si vera lectio in Kings) implies military authority (but הַצּ ׳שַׂר perhaps gloss GFMJdg 5:14); Ew Sta and others read (as Jeremiah) scribe of General.
c. in Persia, secretaries who wrote out (king's) decrees, according to Est 3:12; Est 8:9.
d.2Ch 26:11 uses ׳ס for muster-officer; 1Ch 2:55 mentions families of סוֺפְרִים; 2Ch 34:13 knows ׳ס as Levites; ׳ס 1Ch 27:32 = man of learning.
2 professional class of learned men, 'scribes' able to read and write Jer 36:26, Jer 36:32; with writing implements, ס עֵט ׳מָהִיר Psa 45:2, הַסּ ׳קֶסֶת Eze 9:2-3, הַסּ ׳תַּעַר Jer 36:23; especially learned in the law, and assuming to issue its precepts, סֹפְרִים שֶׁקֶר עֵט Jer 8:8.
3 specifically of Ezra, at once priest (כֹּהֵן) and learned in the law (סֹפֵר), Ezr 7:11, י מִצְוֺת ׳בְרֵי Di ׳ס Ezr 7:11 [compare Aramaic Ezr 7:12; Ezr 7:21], ׳ס משֶׁה בְּתוֺרֵת מָהִיר Ezr 7:6; Neh 8:1, Neh 8:4, Neh 8:9, Neh 8:13; Neh 12:26, Neh 12:36.