כָּתַב

H3789. kathab
כָּתַב223 verb write (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician כתב; Aramaic כְּתַב, Nabataean כתב, see especially Nö in EutNab. p. 43; thence Arabic Ethiopic book, DiLex. 852 (as loan-words, Frä249 DHMVOJ i (1887), 29); MV Buhl compare Arabic draw or sew together, conjoin (letters), etc., compare FlZMG 1873, 427) —
Qal Perfect ׳כ Jos 8:32 +, כָּתַבְתָּ Jer 36:6 +, suffix וּכְתַבְתָּם consecutive Deu 6:9; Deu 11:20, etc. (Perfect 27 t.); Imperfect יִכְתֹּב Isa 44:5, וַיִּכְתֹּב Exo 24:4 +, etc. (Imperfect 39 t.); Imperative כְּתֹב Isa 8:1 Isa 8:5t., כְּתָבֿ Exo 34:27 Exo 34:2t.; suffix כָּתְבָהּ Isa 30:8, כָּתְבֵם Pro 3:3; Pro 7:3; plural כִּתְבוּ Deu 31:9 Deu 31:3t .; Infinitive absolute כָּתוֺכ Jer 32:44; cstr כְּתוֺב Psalm 87:8, לִכְתֹּב Deu 31:24; Jos 18:8; suffix כָּתְבוֺ Jer 45:1; Participle active כֹּתֵב Jer 36:18, plural כֹּתְבִים Jer 32:12; Neh 10:1; passive (113 t.), כָּתוּב Jos 1:8 +, feminine כְּתוּבָה 2Sa 1:18 +, plural כְּתוּבִים 1Ki 15:7 +, כְּתֻבִים 1Ki 11:41 +; feminine plural כְּתוּבוֺת2Ch 34:24; —
1 write:
a. with accusative, words Exo 34:27, commandments Exo 24:12, etc.; accusative of congnate meaning with verb מכתב Exo 39:30, compare כַּמִּכְתָּב Deu 10:4; with כְּ, giving purport of writing, also Est 8:8; but object also a book, סֵפֶר Exo 32:32; Deu 24:1; מְגִלָּה Jer 38:6, compare participle pass, וְאָחוֺר מָּנִים כְּתוּבָה וְהִיא Eze 2:10 ( of מגלה; i.e. written on both sides); a letter, סֵפָר 2Sa 11:14; 2Ki 10:1 2Ki 10:4t., אִגֶּרֶת2Ch 30:1; a divorce-certificate כְּרִיתֻת סֵפֶר Deu 24:1, etc.; even כְּתֻבִים לֻחֹת tablets inscribed by the finger of God Exo 31:18 compare Deu 9:10; ׳ל ׳כ עֶבְרֵיהֶם מִשְּׁנֵי Exo 32:15 tables inscribed on both sides (compare Eze 2:10 above) Here belongs (probably) לי יָדוֺ יִכְתֹּב ׳וְזֶה Isa 44:5 and this one shall inscribe his hand, 'Yahweh's', so ᵐ5 Hi Kn Che Br Du Di, Ges Ew De, shall sign (with) his hand unto ׳י.
b. more often write something on, or in (עַלֿ85t., בְ44t., אֶלֿ3t.) a tablet, roll, book, etc. (object various, as above): — (I) ׳כ עַלֿ followed by סֵפֶר = book Deu 17:18 55t., especially in phrase וגו דברי עלסֿפר ׳כתובים 1Ki 11:41 + often Kings Chronicles; ׳כ עַלמְֿגִּלָּה Jer 36:2; Jer 36:28; Jer 36:32; Jeremiah 38:29; ׳כ עַללֿוּח(ותׅ Exo 34:1 Exo 34:7t., עַלאֶֿבֶן Deu 27:3 Deu 27:2t., עַלגּֿלָּיוֺן Isa 8:1; בַּיִת עַלמְֿזֻזוֺת Deu 6:9; Deu 11:20; עַלמַֿטֶּה on a rod Numbers 17:17; Numbers 17:18; עַלעֵֿץ Eze 37:16 (twice in verse), עַלצִֿיץ (high priest's plate) Exo 39:30; even (only Chronicles) עַלֿ followed by name of book or its contents: — ׳כ נָתָן עַלדִּֿבְרֵי2Ch 9:29; compare 2Ch 33:19; וגו ׳עַלמִֿדְרַשׁ2Ch 24:27; עַלהַֿקִּינוֺת2Ch 35:25; figurative, ׳כ עַללִֿבָּם Jeremiah 31:83 I will write them upon their heart; compare ׳כ לִבֶּ֑ךָ עַללֿוּחַ Pro 3:3. (2) ׳כ אֶלֿ appears for ׳כ עַלֿ only Jer 36:2 compare Eze 2:10; Jer 51:60. (3) ׳כ בְּ followed by ספר = book Jos 24:26 (E) + 35 t.; = letter, bill, deed, 1Ki 21:9 1Ki 21:5t.; עָלָ֑י כָּתוּב סֵפֶר בִּמְגִלַּת Psa 40:8 it is prescribed to me, על as 2Ki 22:13 (N.B. ׳כ עלֿ not used with סֵפֶר = letter, and ׳כ בְּ not used with אבן לוּחַ, or עֵץ).
c. other uses of perp. with ׳כ are: — בְּ instrumental, ׳כ אֱנוֺשׁ בְּחֶרֶט Isa 8:1, ׳כ בַּרְזֶל בְּעֵט Jer 17:1; אֱלֹהִים בְּאֶצְבַּע כְּתֻבִים Deu 9:10; Exo 31:18; ׳כ אֶלֿ unto, of person to whom letter, etc., is addressed 2Sa 11:14; 2Ki 10:6; Est 9:13; עַלֿ substantive for אֶלֿ (late) 2Ch 30:1; Ezr 4:7; Est 8:8; the fuller construction is ׳כ (אֶלֿׅ וישׁלח ספר 2Ki 10:1; Est 8:10; Est 9:20 +; ׳כ אֶלֿ write down for the benefit or use of some one, Jdg 8:14; לְ to or for, Deu 17:18; Deu 24:1 +; note especially תּוֺרָתִי רֻבֵּו֯ אֶכְתָּו֯בלֿוֺ Hos 8:12, i.e. either, I write (keep writing) for them ever so many (We, רֹב, compare Ew and most רִבּוֺ(אׅ a myriad) of my directions, or 'Though I write,' 'Were I to write,' etc.; ׳כ followed by ל with infinitive of purpose 2Ch 32:17; Est 8:5; with מִן in phrase ׳כ פ ׳מִמִּי write from the mouth of any one i.e. from dictation, Jer 36:2, Jer 36:32; Jer 38:6, Jer 38:17, Jer 38:27; Jer 45:1.
2 = write down describe in writing, ׳כ אֶתהָֿאָרֶץ Jdg 18:4, Jdg 18:6, Jdg 18:8 (3 t. in verse); Jdg 18:9.
3 = register enroll Isa 10:19 (= record the number), 1Ch 24:6; especially passive הַכְּתוּבִים Num 11:26 those enrolled compare Neh 12:22; ׳הַכּ בְּשֵׁמוֺת 1Ch 4:41 those recorded by name; in prediction, עֲרִירִי הַזֶּה ׳כ אֶתהָֿאִישׁ Jer 22:30 register this man as childless; with eschatological reference, לַחַיִּים כָּלהַֿכָּתוּב Isa 4:3 all those enrolled (i.e. appointed) unto life; and, more explicitly, בַּסֵּפֶר כָּתוּב כָּלהַֿנִּמְצָא Dan 12:1; ׳י עַמִּים בִּכְתוֺבּ יִסְמֹּר Psa 87:6 ׳י shall reckon, when he registers (note absence of suffix) the peoples, etc.
4 = decree, מְרֹרוֺת עָלַי תִּכְתֹּב Job 13:26 thou (׳י) decrest against me bitter things.
Niph`al (chiefly late, especially Esther), Imperfect יִכָּתֵב Est 1:19 +, 3 feminine singular זֹאת תִּכָּ֫תֶב Psa 102:19; Psa 102:3masculine plural יִכָּתֵ֑בוּ Jer 17:13 Jer 17:3t., יִכָּֽתְבוּן Job 19:23; Participle נִכְתָּב Est 3:12 Est 3:2t.; —
1 be written, subject words Job 19:23, book Mal 3:16; be written בְּסֵפֶר Est 2:23; Est 9:23, in, or among ב the laws Est 1:19; once, with יִכָּתֵ֑בוּ כֻּלָּם עַלסִֿפְרְךָ עַלֿ, Psa 139:16 in thy ׳י's book all of them (my members) are written, i.e. written down, recorded (see below); absolute הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּשֵׁם נִכְתָּב אֲשֶׁר כְּתָב Est 8:8 a writing which is written in the king's name, compare (impersonal) Est 3:12; impersonal also צִוָּה כְּכָלאֲֿשֶׁר וַיִּכָּתֵב Est 3:12; Est 8:9; ׳יִכָּ followed by לְ = for Psa 102:19; followed by לְ + infinitive (really = a subject-cl., — the contents of the letter) Est 3:9; Est 8:5.
2 be written down, recorded, Ezr 8:34; enrolled, יִכָּתֵ֑בוּ לֹא ישׂראל בית בִּכְתָב Eze 13:9 in the enrolement of the house of Israel they are not enrolled (eschatolog.); אַליִֿכָּתֵ֑בוּ וְעִםצַֿדִּיקִים Psa 69:29 (|| מִסֵּפֶר יִמָּחוּ חַיִּים) — יִכָּתֵ֑בוּ בָּאָרֶץ Jer 17:13 is difficult; Gie reads, plausibly, יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ מֵאֶרֶץ (compare Psa 34:17; Psa 101:8, etc.)
Pi`el frequently, Perfect and Participle, only עָמָל כִּתֵּ֑בוּוּמְכַתְּבִים Isa 10:1 and busy writers that make a business of writing oppression (i.e. register unjust sentences, compare Qal 4; || חִקֲקֵיאָֿוֶן הַחֹקֲקִים).
כְּתַב verb write (see Biblical Hebrew); —
Pe`al Perfect3masculine singular ׳כ Dan 6:26 ל person + oratio recta [direct speech], Dan 7:1 accusative of thing; 3 masculine plural כְּתַ֫בוּ Ezr 4:8 accusative אִגְּרָה; 1 plural נִכְתּוּב Ezr 5:10, accusative of thing; Participle active absolute feminine singular כָּֽתְבָה Dan 5:5, subject יְדָא, feminine plural כָּֽתְבָן Dan 5:5, subject אֶצְבְּעָן.
Pe`il (WCG 224) Perfect3masculine singular תִּיב כְּ כִּדְנָהEzr 5:7 thus (it) was written, so כ ׳כֵּן Ezr 6:2.