זוּעַ
zûwaʻ · H2111 · Hebrew · 3 occurrences
Meanings
-
to tremble
Process by which (part of) the body of humans shakes or trembles violently and involuntarily, caused by fear, respect, or old age
ExamplesEsther 5:9 Then Haman went out that day joyful and pleased of heart; but when Haman saw Mordecai at the king’s gate and that he did not stand up or tremble before him, Haman was filled with anger against Mordecai.
Ecclesiastes 12:3 on the day that the watchmen of the house tremble, and strong men are bent over, the grinders stop working because they are few, and those who look through windows grow dim;
-
to make tremble
Causative action by which humans cause the body of other humans to shake or tremble as a result of fear
ExamplesHabakkuk 2:7 “Will your creditors not rise up suddenly, And those who collect from you awaken? Indeed, you will become plunder for them.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- שָׁמַרto keep, to guard, to observe 1
- Not stated: he, she or it 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- מִןfrom+ וֹhim 1
With adverbsAdverbs
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לֹאnot 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- ךָּyou 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- יָקַץto wake up 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- רָגַז râgaz · H7264 · to tremble, to shake, to quake
- רָגַז is a well-attested Hebrew synonym for trembling, quaking, and agitation, both physical (earthquake, trembling) and emotional (being disturbed, afraid). It shares the core semantic range of movement and disturbance with זוּעַ but is a distinct lexeme.
- חָרַד chârad · H2729 · to shake, to quake, to tremble > to be startled
- חָרַד expresses trembling or trembling in fear, overlapping with the 'tremble' sense of זוּעַ. It is frequently used for fearful trembling or anxious agitation.
Contrasting words 1 word
- שָׁקַט shâqaṭ · H8252 · to be quiet, to be still
- שָׁקַט denotes quietness, rest, and being undisturbed—the lexical opposite of the movement, trembling, and agitation expressed by זוּעַ. This is a standard antonymic pair in Hebrew for motion/disturbance versus rest/calm.
In the other Testament 1 word
- σαλεύω saleúō · G4531 · to shake, to stir up against, to start a riot
- σαλεύω is the standard Greek verb for shaking, moving, or being disturbed/agitated, matching the core sense of זוּעַ as 'move, tremble.' It appears in contexts of physical shaking (earthquakes, trembling) and metaphorical disturbance, making it a natural translation equivalent.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Unsteady002001001067
- זוּעַ denotes trembling or an unsteady, agitated state, as at Esther 5:9 — "he did not stand up or tremble before him" — and Ecclesiastes 12:3 — "the day that the watchmen of the house tremble."
Word family 5 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2111. zua זוּעַ verb tremble, quake (Aramaic (including Biblical Aramaic) id., ; compare…
זוּעַ verb tremble, quake (Aramaic (including Biblical Aramaic) id., ; compare also Arabic impel, move, agitate, shake (on these see NöZMG 1886, 725), Assyrian zû, storm-wind (= Aramaic זוֺעָא) ZimBP 94 —
Qal (late) Perfect3masculine singular זָע Est 5:9; Imperfect3masculine plural with rel. שֶׁיָּזֻעזּ Ecc 12:3; — tremble, quake, in presence of powerful superior Est 5:9 (followed by מִמֶּנּוּ); said of הַבַּיִת שֹׁמְרֵי in description of infirm old man Ecc 12:3
Pilpel Participle suffix מְזַעְזְעֶיךָ Hab 2:7; causative and intensive they that shall violently shake thee, figurative of foes of Babylon, instruments of Yahweh's judgment.
[זוּע] verb tremble (ᵑ7 Syriac: compare Biblical Hebrew); —
Pe`al Participle plural זָָֽאֲעִין Kt, Qr זָָֽיְנִין; מִןקֳֿדָם person, Dan 5:19; Dan 6:27.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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