זָהָב

H2091. zahab
זָהָב385 noun masculineGen 2:12 gold (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic Sabean דֿהב e.g. Os29 DHMZMG 1883, 338; Aramaic דְּהַב, , Palmyrene דהבא VogNo. 23) — ׳ז absolute Gen 2:11 364t.; construct Gen 2:12 Gen 2:6t.; suffix זְהָבִי 1Ki 20:7 1Ki 20:2t.; זְהָֽבְךָ 1Ki 20:3, 1Ki 20:5; זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Isa 30:22; זְהָבוֺ Isa 2:20; Isa 31:7; זְהָבָם Hos 8:4 Hos 8:4t.; — gold,
1 = gold-ore, gold in a raw state, Gen 2:11-12, Jer 10:9; Pro 17:3; Pro 27:21; Job 28:1 +; perhaps also 1Ki 9:28; 1Ki 10:11; 1Ki 22:49 etc.; compare ז ׳עַפְרֹת Job 28:6 gold-dust; see also Zec 13:9 (simile of tried people ׳י) and compare Mal 3:3; likewise Job 23:10 (simile of Job's purity, as shewn by divine tests); זָהָב מִצָּפוֺן Job 37:22 is dubious **read perhaps זֹהַר Du and Dr; Ew De and others out of the North comes gold; others, however, golden light, brightness, of sun after clouds dispersed by north wind, ᵐ5 Rabb Da and others; or golden splendour of God coming from north BöÄ 76 Hi and others; Siegf conjecture יהוה for זהב
2 gold as wealth Gen 13:2 (J; + כֶּסֶף מִקְנֶה,) Gen 24:34 (J; + חֲמֹרִים גְּמַלִּים, שְׁפָחֹת, עֲבָדִם, כֶּסֶף, בָּקָר, צאֹן,) compare Hos 2:8; Isa 2:7; Deu 8:13; Deu 17:17; Job 3:15; Job 31:24; Zec 14:14; Ezr 1:4, Ezr 1:6 +; in General, as precious: טוֺב חֵן וּמִזָּהָב מִכֶּסֶף רָ֑ב מֵעשֶׁר שֵׁם נִבְחָר Pro 22:1 to be chosen is a name more than great riches, and good favour more than silver and than gold; Job 28:17 (of wisdom) gold and glass do not equal it; Psa 19:10 (ordinances of ׳י) which are more to be desired than gold; compare Psa 119:72; Psa 119:127; also metaphor of princes and chief men of Zion Lam 4:1 (compare Lam 4:2).
3 gold as spoil of war Jos 6:19 (+ בַּרְזֶל כְּלֵינְֿחשֶׁת, כֶּסֶף,) so Jos 6:24, compare Jos 7:21, Jos 7:24; Jos 22:8; 2Ki 7:8 +.
4 gold as merchandise Eze 27:22 (+ כָּלבּֿשֶֹׁם ראֹשׁ יְקָרָה, אֶבֶן), compare also gold from Ophir 1Ki 9:28 etc. (see below 7 below)
5 gold as costly gift: to a prophet וְז כֶּסֶף בֵּיתוֺ ׳מְלֹא (hypothet.), Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (both E); brought by queen of Sheba to Solomon 1Ki 10:2, 1Ki 10:10 (both + יְקָרָה אֶבֶן and בְּשָׂמִים) = 2Ch 9:1, 2Ch 9:9; as tribute 2Ki 23:35 (twice in verse) (compare 2Ki 23:33; all + כֶּסֶף); as satisfaction for murder 2Sa 21:4 (+ כֶּסֶף).
6 gold as material: of (nose- or ear-) ring, נֶזֶם Gen 24:22; Exo 32:2-3, Jdg 8:24-25, Pro 11:22; Pro 25:12; Job 42:11; of chain Gen 41:42, shields 2Sa 8:7, images of emerods 1Sa 6:4, 1Sa 6:17 and mice 1Sa 6:4; 1Sa 6:11; 1Sa 6:18; ז ׳תַּמּוּחֵי כֶּסֶף בְּמַשְׂכִּיּוֺת Pro 25:11; ז ׳גֻּלַּת Exo 12:6; ׳כְּלֵיזֿ Exo 3:22; Exo 11:2; Exo 12:35; 1Sa 6:8; Psa 105:37 etc.; זָהָב וּכְלֵי כְּלֵיכֶֿסֶף Gen 24:53 as presents to a bride (+ בְּגָדִים); so of presents to secure king's favour 2Sa 8:10 (+ נְחשֶׁת כְּלֵי), and in list of yearly gifts or tribute to Solomon 1Ki 10:25 2Ch 9:24; as material of idols ז וֵאלֹהֵי ׳כֶסֶף אֱלֹהֵי Exo 20:23; compare Exo 32:31; Hos 8:4; Isa 2:20; Isa 30:22; Isa 31:7; Deu 29:16; Psa 115:4; Psa 135:15; as plating of idols Deu 7:25; especially as material of the furnishings of Solomon's temple, or (oftener) the platings of temple, or parts thereof, or of its furnishings 1Ki 6:20-21, (3 t. in verse); 1Ki 6:22 (twice in verse); 1Ki 6:28; 1Ki 7:48 1Ki 7:10t. 1Ki 6:7; also 2Ch 3:5 (twice in verse); 2Ch 3:6 2Ch 3:14t. 2Ch 3:4; cf 1Ch 28:14 (twice in verse) + 14 t. 1 Chronicles 28:29 (David's preparation for temple); see also 2Ki 24:13; compare 2Ki 14:14 2Ch 25:24; 2Ki 25:15 = Jer 52:19 (in accounts of plundering temple etc.); but more often still of furnishing and utensils of tabernacle, insignia of high-priest etc., Exo 25:3, Exo 25:11, Exo 25:24 97t. Exodus 25-40, Lev 8:9; Num 4:11; Num 8:4; (in case of large objects frequently of plating or sheathing, compare 12c below) Note the expressions ז ׳תְּנוּפַת ליהוה Exo 35:22 a wave-offering of gold, הַתְּנוּפָה זְהַב Exo 38:24; also הַתְּרוּמָה זְהַב Num 31:52 (all P) compare Ezr 8:25, and (of offering to heathen god) בְּזָהָב יְכַבֵּד Dan 11:38.
7 gold described by its source, especially gold from Ophir (compare Glass: Skizze ii. 357 ff. 368) 1Ki 9:28; 1Ki 10:11; 1Ki 22:49; 1Ch 29:4; 2Ch 8:18; 2Ch 9:10; so perh Jer 10:9 (read אוֺפִיר for אוּפַז Ew Klo and others); שְׁבָא זְהַב Psa 72:15; on ׳ז מַּרְוָ֑יִם2Ch 3:6 see פרוים; compare further Gen 2:11-12,.
8 gold defined by var. adjective and pts.: ׳ז שָׁחוּט beaten gold (see שָׁחַט) 1Ki 10:16-17, 2Ch 9:15 (twice in verse); 2Ch 9:16; ׳ז סָגוּר 1Ki 6:20-21, also 1Ki 7:49-50, 1Ki 10:21 2Ch 4:20, 2Ch 4:22; 2Ch 9:21 (on meaning see סָגַר); especially (but only P & Chronicles) ׳ז טָהוֺר pure gold Exo 25:11, Exo 25:17, Exo 25:24 Exo 25:21t. Exodus 25.. 28. 30. 37. 39 (of equipments of tabernacle and high priest's insignia), 1Ch 28:17; 2Ch 3:4; 2Ch 9:17; compare ׳ז טוֺב2Ch 3:5, 2Ch 3:8; on ׳ז מוּפָז 1Ki 10:18, AV best gold, compare מָּזַז אוּפָז,.
9 ׳ז as measure of weight and value:
a. = gold-shekel, ז ׳עֲשָׂרָה מִשְׁקָלָם Gen 24:22; ז עֲשָׂרָה אַחַת ׳כַּף Num 7:14 Num 7:11t. Numbers 7; ז ׳וּשְׁבַעמֵֿאוֺת אֶלֶף Jdg 8:26, compare 1Ki 10:16; 2Ki 5:5; 2Ch 9:15-16, ז ׳אַלְפֵי וָכָ֑סֶף Psa 119:72; compare further Jos 7:21; but also (only Chronicles) שֶׁקֶל expressed: מֵאוֺת שֵׁשׁ ז ׳שִׁקְלֵי מִשְׁקַל 1Ch 21:25 (50 shekels of silver in || 2Sa 24:24); ז חֲמִשִּׁים לִשְׁקָלִים לְמִסְמְרוֺת ׳וּמִשְׁקָל2Ch 3:9.
b. ז מָנִים ׳שְׁלשֶׁת 1Ki 10:17 three minas of gold (see מָנֶה).
c. ז ׳כִּכַּר talent of gold 2Sa 12:30; 1Ki 9:14 + (see כִּכָּר).
d. וָאֶלֶף שֵׁשׁרִֿבּאֹוֺת דַּרְכְּמוֺנִים זָהָב Ezr 2:69 compare Neh 7:69-70, Neh 7:71; also ז ׳וּכְפֹרֵי אָ֑לָף לַאֲדַרְכֹּנִים עֶשְׂרִים Ezr 8:27 (see דַּרְכְּמוֺן); — with the above should perhaps be compared ז ׳הַזָּלִים מִכִּיס Isa 46:6 i.e. the gold used in making the god was the coin carried in the bag.
10 ׳ז = golden oil, from colour, Zec 4:12.
11 ׳ז often named with כֶּסֶף, and then, in earlier and sometimes in later writings, follows it: וּבַזָּהָב בַּכֶּסֶף Gen 13:2 (J), compare Gen 24:35, Gen 24:53; Gen 44:8 (all J) Exo 3:22; Exo 11:2; Exo 12:35; Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (all E), Jos 6:19, Jos 6:24 (JE), Deu 7:25; Deu 17:17; Deu 29:16; 2Sa 8:11; 2Sa 21:4; 1Ki 7:51; 1Ki 15:15, 1Ki 15:18, 1Ki 15:19; 2Ki 7:8; 2Ki 16:8; 2Ki 18:14; 2Ki 20:13; 2Ki 23:33, 2Ki 23:35 (twice in verse); Hos 2:10; Hos 8:4; Isa 2:7; Isa 60:9; Jer 10:4; Zep 1:18; Eze 7:19; Eze 38:13; Zec 6:11; Joel 4:5, Pro 22:1; Psa 105:37; Psa 115:4; Psa 135:15; 2Ch 1:15; 2Ch 5:1; Ezr 1:4; Ezr 8:25; Dan 11:8; Ecc 2:8 +; in later writings ׳ז often precedes Eze 28:4; Zec 14:14; Mal 3:3; 1Ch 18:10; 1Ch 22:14, 1Ch 22:16; 1Ch 28:15-16, 1Ch 29:3-4, 1Ch 29:5, 1Ch 29:7; 2Ch 9:14, 2Ch 9:21; 2Ch 24:14; 2Ch 25:24; Ezr 1:11; Psa 119:72; Son 1:11; Dan 11:38 +, and so in P, Exo 25:3; Exo 31:4; Exo 35:5, Exo 35:32; Num 31:32; yet also as early as Hab 2:19; 1Ki 10:22; 2Ki 25:15.
12 the chief verbs used with ׳ז are:
a. עָשָׂה make of (c. 2 accusative) 1Ki 7:48 (compare 1Ki 7:49; 1Ki 7:49; 1Ki 7:50; 1Ki 7:50) 1Ki 10:16; 1Ki 12:28; 1Ki 14:26; 2Ch 4:7-8, 2Ch 4:19; 2Ch 12:9; 2Ch 13:8, and especially in P (tabernacle) Exo 25:11, Exo 25:17, Exo 25:18 Exo 25:35t. Exodus 25-39; also followed by בְּ work in gold, בַּזּ ׳לַעֲשׂוֺת וּבַנְּחשֶׁת וּבַכֶּסֶף Exo 31:4; Exo 35:32, also (+ בַּבַּרְזֶל, etc.), 2Ch 2:6; 2Ch 2:13;
b. יָצַק (object ז ׳טַבְּעֹת) Exo 25:12; Exo 37:3, Exo 37:13 (all P);
c. צִמָּה overlay with (c. 2 accusative) 1Ki 6:20-21, (twice in verse); 1Ki 6:22, 1Ki 6:28, 1Ki 6:30, 1Ki 6:32, 1Ki 6:35 (1Ki 6:32; 1Ki 6:35 one accusative omitted), 1Ki 10:18; 2Ch 3:4, 2Ch 3:10; 2Ch 9:17, and especially P (tabernacle) Exo 25:11, Exo 25:13, Exo 25:24, Exo 25:28 Exo 25:15t. Exodus 26-37; in same sense
d. ז ׳וַיְחַמֵּהוּ2Ch 3:5 compare 2Ch 3:7; 2Ch 3:8; 2Ch 3:9, and
e. ז ׳תָּפוּשׂ וָכֶסֶף Hab 2:19 encased in gold and silver; also
f. ׳בַּזּ יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ Isa 40:19;
g. רדד Hiph`il, אֶתהַֿזּ וְעַלהַֿתִּמֹּרוֺת עַלהַֿכְּרוּבִים ׳וַיָּ֫רֶב 1Ki 6:32 and he spread upon the cherubim and upon the palm-trees the gold; further
h. בָּחַן try, Zec 13:9; compare
i. זִקַּק Mal 3:3. — On זָהָב דִּי, proper name; on זָהָב מֵי proper name see below מַיִם.