σάββατον

σαββάτου, τό (Hebrew שַׁבָּת), found in the N. T. only in the historical books except twice in Paul's Epistles; sabbath; i. e.:
1. the seventh day of each week, which was a sacred festival on which the Israelites were required to abstain from all work (Ex 20:10; Ex 31:13; Deut 5:14);
a. singular σάββατον and τό σάββατον: Mk 6:2; ( L Tr); Mk 16:1; Jn 5:9f, etc.; equivalent to the institution of the sabbath, the law for keeping holy every seventh day of the week: Mt 12:8; Mk 2:27; Lk 6:5; λύειν, Jn 5:18; τηρεῖν, Jn 9:16; ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ σαββάτου (הַשַּׁבָּת יום, Ex 20:8 and often), the day of the sabbath, sabbath-day, Lk 13:16; Lk 14:5; ὁδός σαββάτου, a sabbath-day's journey, the distance it is lawful to travel on the sabbath-day, i. e. according to the Talmud two thousand cubits or paces, according to Epiphanius (haer. 66, 82) six stadia: Acts 1:12, cf. Mt 24:20 (the regulation was derived from Ex 16:29); cf. Winers RWB, under the word Sabbathsweg; Oehler in Herzog xiii., 203f (cf. Leyrer in Herzog edition 2 vol. 9:379); Mangold in Sehenkel v., 127f; (Ginsburg in Alexander's Kitto under the word Sabbath Day's Journey; Lumby on Acts 1:12 (in Cambr. Bible for Schools)). as dative of time (Winers Grammar, § 31, 9 b.; Buttmann, § 133, 26): σαββάτῳ, Mt 24:20 (G L T Tr WH); Lk 14:1; τῷ σαββάτῳ, Lk 6:9 L text T Tr WH; Lk 13:14; Lk 14:3; Acts 13:44; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Mt 12:2; Jn 5:16; Jn 7:22 (here L WH brackets ἐν),23; ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ, Lk 6:7; Jn 19:31, accusative τό σάββατον during (on) the sabbath (cf. Buttmann, § 131, 11; Winer's Grammar, § 32,6): Lk 23:56; κατά πᾶν σάββατον every sabbath, Acts 13:27; Acts 15:21; Acts 18:4. plural τά σάββατα, of several sabbaths, Acts 17:2 (some refer this to 2).
b. plural, τά σαββάτων (for the singular) of a single sabbath, sabbath-day (the use of the plural being occasioned either by the plural names of festivals, as τά ἐγκαίνια, ἄζυμα, γενέσια, or by the Chaldaic form שַׁבָּתָא (Winers Grammar, 177 (167); Buttmann, 23 (21))): Mt 28:1; Col 2:16 (Ex 20:10; Lev 23:32 etc.; τήν ἑβδόμην σάββατα καλουμεν, Josephus, Antiquities 3, 6, 6; add, 1, 1, 1; (14, 10, 25; Philo de Abrah. § 5; de cherub. § 26; Plutarch, de superstitione 8); τήν τῶν σαββάτων ἑορτήν, Plutarch, symp. 4, 6, 2; hodie tricesima sabbata, Horace sat. 1, 9, 69; nowhere so used by John except in the phrase μία τῶν σαββάτων, on which see 2 below); ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν σαββάτων, Lk 4:16; Acts 13:14; Acts 16:13 (Ex 20:8; Ex 35:3; Deut 5:12; Jer 17:21f); τοῖς σάββασιν and ἐν τοῖς σάββασιν (so constantly (except Lachmann in Mt 12:1, Mt 12:12) by metaplasm for σαββάτοις, cf. Winers Grammar, 63 (62); (Buttmann, 23 (21))) on the sabbath-day: Mt 12:1(see above),5, 10-12 (see above); Mk 1:21; Mk 2:23; Mk 3:2, Mk 3:4; Lk 4:31; Lk 6:9 (R G L marginal reading) (1 Macc. 2:38; the Sept. uses the form σαββάτοις, and Josephus both forms). On the precepts of the Jews with regard to the observance of the sabbath, which were for the most part extremely punctilious and minute, cf. Winers RWB, under the word Sabbath; Oehler in Herzog xiii. 192ff (revised by Orelli in edition 2 vol. xiii. 156ff); Schürer, Zeitgesch. 2te Aufl. § 28 II.; Mangold in Schenkel see, p. 123f; (BB. DD., under the word; Geikie, Life and Words of Christ, chapter xxxviii. vol. ii: p. 95ff; Farrar, Life of Christ, chapter xxxi. vol. i., p. 432f; Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, vol. ii., p. 56ff and Appendix, xvii.).
2. seven days, a week: πρώτη σαββάτου, Mk 16:9; δίς τοῦ σαββάτου, twice in the week, Lk 18:12. The plural is used in the same sense in the phrase ἡ μία τῶν σαββάτων, the first day of the week (see εἷς, 5) (Prof. Sophocles regards the genitive (dependent on ἡμέρα) in such examples as those that follow (cf. Mk 16:9 above) as equivalent to μετά with an accusative, the first day after the sabbath; see his Lex., p. 43 par. 6): Mt 28:1; Mk 16:2; Lk 24:1; Jn 20:1, Jn 20:19; Acts 20:7; κατά μίαν σαββάτων (L T Tr WH σαββάτου), on the first day of every week, 1 Cor 16:2.